{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:08:38Z","timestamp":1787029718818,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747872000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Taipei University of Technology","award":["MOST 113-2221-E-027-014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 113-2221-E-027-014"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 113-2221-E-027-014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 113-2221-E-027-014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Precision Analysis and Materials Research Center at National Taipei University of Technology","award":["MOST 113-2221-E-027-014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 113-2221-E-027-014"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nanocomposite hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin functionalized reduced graphene oxide sheets (Hp\u03b2CD@rGOs) with zinc oxide flaky structures (ZnOFs) were synthesized. The ZnOFs\/Hp\u03b2CD@rGOs were first characterized to examine their physicochemical characteristics. The ZnOFs exhibited a highly crystalline structure intertwined with Hp\u03b2CD@rGO sheets. The electrocatalyst experienced excellent electrochemical oxidation current responses toward melatonin (MTN). The interaction between the catalyst and MTN improves electrochemical activity through a synergistic action, which can be measured by a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with ZnOFs\/Hp\u03b2CD@rGOs. This modified electrode with the increased reactive sites and a large electrochemically active surface area allows the rapid oxidation reaction of MTN. The oxidation of MTN was detected and measured with a linearity range around 0.014\u20130.149 and 1.149\u2013643.341 (\u00b5M), with a low detection limit (LOD) of around 0.0105 \u00b5M or 10.5 nM. The sensitivity was around 6.19 \u03bcA \u03bcM\u22121 cm\u22122. The constructed electrode demonstrated a notable level of selectivity to MTN when the interfering (biological) chemicals with a similar structure to MTN were introduced. The real samples were tested in order to examine whether the ZnOFs\/Hp\u03b2CD@rGOs\/GCE can be developed for the biomedical monitoring of compounds. The results suggest that ZnOFs\/Hp\u03b2CD@rGOs\/GCE can detect MTN in in vitro human samples. Furthermore, the cost-effectiveness, enhanced electrochemical capabilities, and easy fabrication of the electrode make the ZnOFs\/Hp\u03b2CD@rGOs composite a feasible solution for the future industrial development of monitoring tools as sensors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s25113266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T10:24:45Z","timestamp":1747909485000},"page":"3266","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Zinc Oxide Interconnected Hydroxypropyl-Beta-Cyclodextrin\/rGO Nanocomposite as an Electrocatalyst for Melatonin Detection: An Ultra-Sensitive Electrochemical Sensor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1968-7909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuo-Yuan","family":"Hwa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aravindan","family":"Santhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Wei","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Han","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6861","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S325099","article-title":"Recent Advances in Electrochemical and Optical Sensors for Detecting Tryptophan and Melatonin","volume":"16","author":"Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. 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