{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T19:32:49Z","timestamp":1785353569204,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006545","name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MD018025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MD018025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006545","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006545","name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3R01MD018025-02S1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3R01MD018025-02S1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006545","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000052","name":"Office of the Director, Chief Officer for Scientific Workforce Diversity, Office of the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MD018025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MD018025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000052","name":"Office of the Director, Chief Officer for Scientific Workforce Diversity, Office of the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3R01MD018025-02S1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3R01MD018025-02S1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Body mass index (BMI) is not equipped to adequately detect obesity in individuals, leading to conditions such as normal-weight obesity, which disproportionately impact older women. Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) is a non-invasive and accessible method for assessing body composition and cellular health (e.g., resistance\/height, reactance\/height, phase angle), yet little is known about how BMI categories differ in cellular health. This cross-sectional study compared bioimpedance and adiposity across BMI classifications (normal weight, overweight, and obese) among 196 community-dwelling older women (age: 74.5 \u00b1 7.0 years, BMI: 30.3 \u00b1 6.3 kg\/m2) using a one-way ANOVA and BIVA software. Individual and group bioimpedance were plotted within tolerance and 95% confidence ellipses. Body fat percentage (F = 70.6, p &lt; 0.001, \u03b7p2 = 0.42) and resistance\/height (F = 36.4, p &lt; 0.001, \u03b7p2 = 0.27) differed between normal-weight, overweight, and obese groups. Reactance\/height (F = 36.4, p &lt; 0.001, \u03b7p2 = 0.27) and phase angle (F = 4.77, p = 0.01, \u03b7p2 = 0.05) only differed between normal-weight and obese groups. When plotted with 95% BIVA confidence ellipses, BMI categories occupied distinct positions from each other (T2 = 16.1 \u2212 66.6, D = 0.68 \u2212 1.48, p &lt; 0.05). Within BIVA tolerance ellipses, overweight and obese categories fell in the \u201cobese\u201d quadrant, while the normal-weight category fell in the \u201cathletic\u201d quadrant. However, individual participants were predominantly scattered throughout the \u201ccachectic,\u201d \u201cobese,\u201d and \u201cathletic\u201d quadrants regardless of BMI. These findings suggest that BMI appears to be adequate for assessing population averages but not individual body composition. Future research should investigate the utility of bioelectrical resistance as a marker of obesity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s25134181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T04:43:37Z","timestamp":1751863417000},"page":"4181","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Examining Classic Bioimpedance Vector Patterns Between BMI Classifications Among Community-Dwelling Older Women"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8756-9827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kworweinski","family":"Lafontant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA"},{"name":"College of Nursing, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4299-7764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David H.","family":"Fukuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dea","family":"Chovatia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecil","family":"Latta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8161-691X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chitra","family":"Banarjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA"},{"name":"College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6114-1649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey R.","family":"Stout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA"},{"name":"Disability Aging & Technology Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9769-8131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA"},{"name":"Disability Aging & Technology Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA"},{"name":"Department of Statistics and Data Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3682-8331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janet","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8506-5812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ladda","family":"Thiamwong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA"},{"name":"Disability Aging & Technology Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494818764810","article-title":"Prevalence and trends of overweight and obesity in older adults from 10 European countries from 2005 to 2013","volume":"46","author":"Peralta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scand. 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