{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T23:48:53Z","timestamp":1792108133901,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,12]],"date-time":"2025-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation","award":["NNF 22OC0074080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF 22OC0074080"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cell membrane capacitance (Cm) is a potential biomarker that reflects the structural and functional integrity of cell membranes. It is essential for physiological processes such as signal transduction, ion transport, and cellular homeostasis. In clinical practice, Cm can be determined using bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS), a non-invasive technique for analysing the intrinsic electrical properties of biological tissues across a range of frequencies. Cm may be relevant in various clinical fields, where high capacitance is associated with healthy and intact membranes, while low capacitance indicates cellular damage or disease. Despite its promise as a prognostic indicator, several knowledge gaps limit the broader clinical application of Cm. These include variability in measurement techniques (e.g., electrode placement, frequency selection), the lack of standardised measurement protocols, uncertainty on how Cm is related to pathology, and the relatively low amount of Cm research. By addressing these gaps, Cm may become a valuable tool for examining cellular health, early disease detection, and evaluating treatment efficacy in clinical practice. This review explores the fundamental principles of Cm measured with the BIS technique, its mathematical basis and relationship to the biophysical Cole model, and its potential clinical applications. It identifies current gaps in our knowledge and outlines future research directions to enhance the understanding and use of Cm. For example, Cm has shown promise in identifying membrane degradation in sepsis, predicting malnutrition in anorexia nervosa, and as a prognostic factor in cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s25144362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T10:55:41Z","timestamp":1752490541000},"page":"4362","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Cell Membrane Capacitance (Cm) Measured by Bioimpedance Spectroscopy (BIS): A Narrative Review of Its Clinical Relevance and Biomarker Potential"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6324-9215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven","family":"Brantlov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Procurement & Clinical Engineering, Central Denmark Region, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2378-279X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leigh C.","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8977-339X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f8ren","family":"Isidor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, SDCA\u2014Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7973-7184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian Lodberg","family":"Hvas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8778-5992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte Lock","family":"Rud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6811-0172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars","family":"J\u00f8dal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Hall, J.E., and Hall, M.E. 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