{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T05:25:12Z","timestamp":1792473912750,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,12]],"date-time":"2025-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22K18785"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K18785"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We developed a photothermal deflection spectroscopy (PTDS) system for the noninvasive analysis of biological tissue. This system detects heat induced by irradiation with pulse-modulated mid-infrared light as the deflection of a probe laser. The probe light is incident on the sensing element horizontal with respect to its contact surface with the sample. This setup simplifies the optical alignment compared to conventional systems, which require the probe laser to be totally reflected at the prism contact surface and aligned with the point of mid-infrared light irradiation. In this study, we measured the PTDS spectra of biological samples to determine the characteristic features of their infrared absorption. We also compared the measurement reproducibility of two configurations: a horizontal optical path and a total reflection optical path. The horizontal optical path showed greater measurement reproducibility than the total reflection optical path when performing intermittent measurements on the wrist.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s25144368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T10:55:41Z","timestamp":1752490541000},"page":"4368","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Noninvasive Analysis of Biological Components Using Simplified Mid-Infrared Photothermal Deflection Spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Hiroto","family":"Ito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-05 Aoba, Sendai 980-8579, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3914-1161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saiko","family":"Kino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-05 Aoba, Sendai 980-8579, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4722-7654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuji","family":"Matsuura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-05 Aoba, Sendai 980-8579, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Bunaciu, A.A., Aboul-Enein, H.Y., and Hoang, V.D. 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