{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T22:38:40Z","timestamp":1791326320504,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Taighde \u00c9ireann\u2014Research Ireland","award":["18\/CRT\/6049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18\/CRT\/6049"]}]},{"name":"Taighde \u00c9ireann\u2014Research Ireland","award":["12\/RC\/2289_P2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12\/RC\/2289_P2"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Heart rate variability (HRV), particularly the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), is widely used as a non-invasive indicator of autonomic nervous system activity and physiological recovery. This study examined whether daily short-term HRV, measured under standardised morning conditions, was associated with self-reported wellness in a non-clinical adult population. Over a 14-day period, 41 participants completed daily five-minute HRV recordings using a Polar H10 chest sensor and the Kubios mobile app, followed by ratings of sleep quality, fatigue, stress, and physical recovery. Bayesian ordinal mixed-effects models revealed that higher RMSSD values were associated with better self-reported sleep (\u03b2 = 0.510, 95% HDI: 0.239 to 0.779), lower fatigue (\u03b2 = 0.281, 95% HDI: 0.020 to 0.562), and reduced stress (\u03b2 = 0.353, 95% HDI: 0.059 to 0.606), even after adjusting for covariates. No association was found between RMSSD and perceived muscle soreness. These findings support the interpretability of RMSSD as a physiological marker of daily recovery and stress in real-world settings. While the effect sizes were modest and individual variability remained substantial, results suggest that consistent HRV monitoring may offer meaningful insight into subjective wellness\u2014particularly when contextualised and tracked over time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s25144415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T15:01:05Z","timestamp":1752591665000},"page":"4415","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Associations Between Daily Heart Rate Variability and Self-Reported Wellness: A 14-Day Observational Study in Healthy Adults"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2516-0754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"Hannon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research Training in Foundations of Data Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"O\u2019Hagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"Insight Research Ireland Centre for Data Analytics, University College Dublin, D04 P7W1 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5866-361X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rory","family":"Lambe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Insight Research Ireland Centre for Data Analytics, University College Dublin, D04 P7W1 Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 C7X2 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2628-6099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ben","family":"O\u2019Grady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Insight Research Ireland Centre for Data Analytics, University College Dublin, D04 P7W1 Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 C7X2 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5284-856X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cailbhe","family":"Doherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Insight Research Ireland Centre for Data Analytics, University College Dublin, D04 P7W1 Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 C7X2 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjspcare-2018-001588","article-title":"State of the science: Heart rate variability in health and disease","volume":"9","author":"Joyce","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Support. 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