{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:30:46Z","timestamp":1760059846435,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Grant-in-Aid for Research Activity Start-up","award":["23K19934"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23K19934"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Understanding the foot strike pattern (FSP) and impact force of running-related injuries is crucial for athletes and researchers. This study investigated a novel method for detecting FSP using the loadsol\u00ae sensor insole during treadmill running. Twelve collegiate athletes ran at three different speeds (12, 15, and 20 km\/h), with their FSP determined using both the kinematic method based on the foot strike angle and the loadsol\u00ae method based on the plantar force applied to the rear-, mid-, and forefoot sensor areas. This study provides significant insights into FSP detection. Comparing the kinematic method to the loadsol\u00ae method, the rearfoot, midfoot, and forefoot strike detection rates were 94.7%, 37.1%, and 81.8%, respectively. Moreover, the FSP was not uniform, even during treadmill running at a constant speed, with most participants exhibiting mixed patterns across different speeds. The loadsol\u00ae sensor insole could offer a promising device for in-field measurement of FSP and impact forces, potentially helping researchers and athletes better understand and predict the potential running-related injury risks by monitoring step-to-step variations in running biomechanics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s25144417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T08:24:17Z","timestamp":1752654257000},"page":"4417","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Foot Strike Pattern Detection Using a Loadsol\u00ae Sensor Insole"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4299-6294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keiichiro","family":"Hata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Education, International Pacific University, Okayama 709-0863, Japan"},{"name":"Institute of Sports Sciences, International Pacific University, Okayama 709-0863, Japan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba 270-1695, Japan"},{"name":"Collaborative Research Program of Sports Facility and Environment, Juntendo University, Chiba 270-1695, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2710-9391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yohei","family":"Yamazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba 270-1695, Japan"},{"name":"Institute of Health and Sports Science & Medicine, Juntendo University, Chiba 270-1695, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Misato","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba 270-1695, Japan"},{"name":"Juntendo Administration for Sports, Health and Medical Sciences, Juntendo University, Chiba 270-1695, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5360-4305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshio","family":"Yanagiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba 270-1695, Japan"},{"name":"Collaborative Research Program of Sports Facility and Environment, Juntendo University, Chiba 270-1695, Japan"},{"name":"Institute of Health and Sports Science & Medicine, Juntendo University, Chiba 270-1695, Japan"},{"name":"Juntendo Administration for Sports, Health and Medical Sciences, Juntendo University, Chiba 270-1695, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08723","article-title":"Foot Strike Patterns and Collision Forces in Habitually Barefoot versus Shod Runners","volume":"463","author":"Lieberman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"888","article-title":"Foot Strike Patterns of Runners at the 15-Km Point during an Elite-Level Half Marathon","volume":"21","author":"Hasegawa","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. 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