{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T10:20:38Z","timestamp":1791195638460,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["12304467"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12304467"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2023M732175"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023M732175"]}]},{"name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","award":["12304467"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12304467"]}]},{"name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","award":["2023M732175"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023M732175"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are presently posing a rather considerable threat to both human health and environmental sustainability. Among these, n-butanol is commonly identified as bringing potential hazards to environmental integrity and individual health. This study presents the creation of a highly sensitive n-butanol gas sensor utilizing cobalt-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) derived from a metal\u2013organic framework (MOF). A series of x-Co\/MOF-ZnO (x = 1, 3, 5, 7 wt%) nanomaterials with varying Co ratios were generated using the homogeneous co-precipitation method and assessed for their gas-sensing performances under a low operating temperature (191 \u00b0C) and UV excitation (220 mW\/cm2). These findings demonstrated that the 5-Co\/MOF-ZnO sensor presented the highest oxygen vacancy (Ov) concentration and the largest specific surface area (SSA), representing the optimal reactivity, selectivity, and durability for n-butanol detection. Regarding the sensor\u2019s response to 100 ppm n-butanol under UV excitation, it achieved a value of 1259.06, 9.80 times greater than that of pure MOF-ZnO (128.56) and 2.07 times higher than that in darkness (608.38). Additionally, under UV illumination, the sensor achieved a rapid response time (11 s) and recovery rate (23 s). As a strategy to transform the functionality of ZnO-based sensors for n-butanol gas detection, this study also investigated potential possible redox reactions occurring during the detection process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s25144480","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T13:33:27Z","timestamp":1752845607000},"page":"4480","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A Highly Sensitive Low-Temperature N-Butanol Gas Sensor Based on a Co-Doped MOF-ZnO Nanomaterial Under UV Excitation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6416-9282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yinzhong","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoshun","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4956-3985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yun","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingchao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingjie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiyu","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaotao","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4858-2743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuechun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingli","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2021.09.039","article-title":"Enhanced n-butanol sensitivity and selectivity of Sb-doped ZnO\u2013Co3O4 nanoparticles synthesized by solvothermal method","volume":"47","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ceram. 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