{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T11:09:50Z","timestamp":1788952190796,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]],"date-time":"2025-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Open Access Publishing Fund of the University of Bayreuth"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Manual wheelchair propulsion is often associated with pain in the upper extremities. Recording spatio-temporal parameters can optimize movement patterns and prevent injuries. This study compares a marker-based camera system with inertial measurement units to validate their use in wheelchair propulsion on a test stand. Methods: Spatio-temporal parameters of 27 manual wheelchair users propelling at three self-selected speeds (slow, normal, fast) were simultaneously recorded using a marker-based camera system and inertial measurement units, and subsequently compared between both systems. Results: A high correlation was observed among all spatio-temporal parameters (\u03c1 &gt; 0.992). The biases for the start time of hand contact with the pushrim (\u22120.02 \u00b1 0.02 s), hand release from the pushrim (\u22120.02 \u00b1 0.01 s), and push length (\u22120.45 \u00b1 21.45 ms) were slightly overestimated, while recovery length (0.54 \u00b1 21.02 ms), cycle speed (2.37 \u00b1 2.67\u00b0\/s), and push angle (1.75 \u00b1 4.14\u00b0) were slightly underestimated. No bias was found for propulsion frequency. Conclusions: The spatio-temporal parameters recorded using inertial measurement units are suitable for the evaluation of manual wheelchair propulsion and can be used in a clinical context. The low acquisition costs and simple installation process may increase the use of inertial measurement units in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s25154676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]],"date-time":"2025-07-29T09:31:45Z","timestamp":1753781505000},"page":"4676","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Validity of IMUs in Comparison to a Marker-Based-Motion Capture System for Spatio-Temporal Parameters During Wheelchair Propulsion"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Lukas","family":"Karner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7035-7000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas","family":"Schreff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Klinikum Bayreuth GmbH, 95445 Bayreuth, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8328-8438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rainer","family":"Abel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Klinikum Bayreuth GmbH, 95445 Bayreuth, Germany"},{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4688-1515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roy","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Klinikum Bayreuth GmbH, 95445 Bayreuth, Germany"},{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.1985.31","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome in paraplegic patients","volume":"23","author":"Aljure","year":"1985","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198870040-00006","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome in paraplegic patients","volume":"70","author":"Gellman","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. 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