{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:08:40Z","timestamp":1787029720779,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]],"date-time":"2025-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The University of Alabama in Huntsville Office of the Vice President for Research and Economic Development"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to create and evaluate an optimization-based sensor fusion algorithm that combines Optical Motion Capture (OMC) and Inertial Motion Capture (IMC) measurements to provide a more efficient and reliable gap-filling process for OMC measurements to be used for future research. The proposed algorithm takes the first and last frame of OMC data and fills the rest with gyroscope data from the IMC. The algorithm was validated using data from twelve participants who performed a hand cycling task with an inertial measurement unit (IMU) placed on their hand, forearm, and upper arm. The OMC tracked a cluster of reflective markers that were placed on top of each IMU. The proposed algorithm was evaluated with simulated gaps of up to five minutes. Average total root-mean-square errors (RMSE) of &lt;1.8\u00b0 across a 5 min duration were observed for all sensor placements for the cyclic upper limb motion pattern used in this study. The results demonstrated that the fusion of these two sensing modalities is feasible and shines light on the possibility of more field-based studies for human motion analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s25154680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]],"date-time":"2025-07-29T10:25:34Z","timestamp":1753784734000},"page":"4680","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Sensor Fusion for Enhancing Motion Capture: Integrating Optical and Inertial Motion Capture Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5418-0135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hailey N.","family":"Hicks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Industrial & Systems Engineering and Engineering Management Department, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8628-7847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Howard","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Industrial & Systems Engineering and Engineering Management Department, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6584-179X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara A.","family":"Harper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kinesiology Department, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1179\/1743288X11Y.0000000006","article-title":"The use of inertial sensors system for human motion analysis","volume":"15","author":"Williams","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phys. 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