{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T20:30:07Z","timestamp":1793046607888,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Foundation Flanders","award":["TBM2021\u2013T000521 N\u201354252"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TBM2021\u2013T000521 N\u201354252"]}]},{"name":"Research Council of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium","award":["TBM2021\u2013T000521 N\u201354252"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TBM2021\u2013T000521 N\u201354252"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sleep is a vital physiological process for recovery and health. In people with knee osteoarthritis (OA), disrupted sleep is common and linked to worse clinical outcomes. Commercial sleep trackers provide an accessible option to monitor sleep in this population, but their accuracy for detecting sleep, wake, and sleep stages remains uncertain. This study compared nighttime sleep data from polysomnography (PSG) and Fitbit Sense in individuals with knee OA and insomnia. Data were collected from 53 participants (60.4% women, mean age 51 \u00b1 8.2 years) over 62 nights using simultaneous PSG and Fitbit recording. Fitbit Sense showed high accuracy (85.76%) and sensitivity (95.95%) for detecting sleep but lower specificity (50.96%), indicating difficulty separating quiet wakefulness from sleep. Agreement with PSG was higher on nights with longer total sleep time, higher sleep efficiency, shorter sleep onset, and fewer awakenings, suggesting better performance when sleep is less fragmented. The device showed limited precision in classifying sleep stages, often misclassifying deep and REM sleep as light sleep. Despite these issues, Fitbit Sense may serve as a useful complementary tool for monitoring sleep duration, timing, and regularity in this population. However, sleep stage and fragmentation data should be interpreted cautiously in both clinical and research settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s25154813","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T13:44:32Z","timestamp":1754401472000},"page":"4813","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Can a Commercially Available Smartwatch Device Accurately Measure Nighttime Sleep Outcomes in Individuals with Knee Osteoarthritis and Comorbid Insomnia? A Comparison with Home-Based Polysomnography"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3090-8154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Labie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Pain in Motion Research Group (PAIN), Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9409-2070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nils","family":"Runge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Pain in Motion Research Group (PAIN), Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Brain, Body and Cognition, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3988-0119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zosia","family":"Goossens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pain in Motion Research Group (PAIN), Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Brain, Body and Cognition, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8428-1185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivier","family":"Mairesse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain, Body and Cognition, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4976-6563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo","family":"Nijs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pain in Motion Research Group (PAIN), Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"PijnPraxis.be Private Practice for Pain Physiotherapy, 3970 Leopoldsburg, Belgium"},{"name":"Unit of Physiotherapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0598-7038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anneleen","family":"Malfliet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pain in Motion Research Group (PAIN), Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Chronic Pain Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine and Physiotherapy, University Hospital Brussels, 1050 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Research Foundation Flanders, 1000 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7255-0106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dieter","family":"Van Assche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of 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Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2592-494X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabine","family":"Verschueren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1370-2090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liesbet","family":"De Baets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Pain in Motion Research Group (PAIN), Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, 3212 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Leuven Algologic Center, University Hospitals Leuven, 3212 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnz343","article-title":"Chronic Pain and Sleep Disturbances: A Pragmatic Review of Their Relationships, Comorbidities, and Treatments","volume":"21","author":"Husak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e508","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(23)00163-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of osteoarthritis, 1990\u20132020 and projections to 2050: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"5","author":"Steinmetz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet 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