{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T19:35:04Z","timestamp":1785267304059,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52208414"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52208414"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vehicle load is crucial for road design, maintenance, and expansion, while vehicle speed and lateral position are essential for traffic management and driving safety. This paper introduces a method for collecting vehicle speed, lateral position, and load information using roadside Micro-Electromechanical Systems (MEMS) accelerometers located on the pavement. Firstly, this research analyzes the distribution of pavement vibration responses in both lateral and vertical directions based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) data provided in the literature. Then, pavement vibration data is collected by roadside sensors with a Full-scale Accelerated Loading Tester, considering varying vehicle speeds, loads, and lateral positions. The results reveal that the vertical peak acceleration increases linearly with vehicle speed within a range of 5\u201322 km\/h, decreases following a power law as the lateral distance between the wheel center and sensor increases from 0.4 to 0.9 m, which is consistent with the trends observed in the literature\u2019s FEM data. The vibration energy of the vertical acceleration exhibits a positive linear correlation with the total vehicle load, with a correlation coefficient of 0.885. This approach offers a practical method for vehicle load estimation, optimal sensor deployment, and enhancement of pavement performance monitoring systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s25164901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T13:20:09Z","timestamp":1754659209000},"page":"4901","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Vehicle Load Information Acquisition Using Roadside Micro-Electromechanical Systems Accelerometers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Qian","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Digital Construction and Evaluation of Urban Rail Transit, China Railway Design Corporation, Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300308, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8115-1780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhoujing","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Material Service Safety, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhao","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Digital Construction and Evaluation of Urban Rail Transit, China Railway Design Corporation, Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300308, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6930-979X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Coast Civil Structure Safety of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2670-376X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linbing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Sensing and Perception Lab, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1111\/mice.13407","article-title":"A feature-based pavement image registration method for precise pavement deterioration monitoring","volume":"40","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comput. 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