{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T18:20:14Z","timestamp":1787509214739,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Upper limb (UL) impairment after stroke negatively influences stroke survivors\u2019 quality of life (QOL). This study aims to evaluate, through clinical assessment and accelerometric measures, the efficacy of anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (a-tDCS) combined with the Graded Repetitive Arm Supplementary Program (GRASP) in post-acute stroke UL rehabilitation. Subjects were enrolled if they were aged \u226518 years and had a first stroke diagnosis, UL motor impairment and adequate trunk control. The subjects underwent combined administration of intensive a-tDCS and GRASP (15 sessions\/30 min each). Before and after treatment, a subgroup of subjects was evaluated through wearable accelerometers. A total of 30 subjects were included in this study (mean age 68.34 \u00b1 14.08 years; 19 males\/11 females). Medical Research Council (MRC), Hand Grip Strength (HGS), Nine-Hole Peg Test (9HPT), Box and Block Test (BBT) and Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity (FMA-UE) scores significantly improved after treatment. The accelerometric-derived measurements all revealed a significant increase in the affected UL activity as indicated by the Vector Magnitude value. No side effects were reported. In conclusion, an intensive a-tDCS and GRASP application proved to be effective and safe in UL rehabilitation after stroke. The association of accelerometric monitoring might be of paramount importance for the evaluation of UL recovery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s25164907","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T15:30:52Z","timestamp":1754667052000},"page":"4907","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Combined Effect of tDCS and GRASP for Upper Limb Rehabilitation in Stroke: A Clinical and Accelerometric Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5114-9276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erica","family":"Grange","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Research Area, Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation (FISM), 16149 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4723-9302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachele Di","family":"Giovanni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro di Recupero eRieducazione Funzionale \u201cMonsignor Luigi Novarese\u201d, Loc Trompone, 13040 Moncrivello, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio Giuseppe","family":"Masuccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro di Recupero eRieducazione Funzionale \u201cMonsignor Luigi Novarese\u201d, Loc Trompone, 13040 Moncrivello, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"Tipa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Struttura Complessa di Medicina Fisica e Riabilitativa, Dipartimento Medico Generale e Riabilitativo, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Cuneo 1, 12045 Fossano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Dileo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro \u201cS. Maria ai Colli\u2014Presidio Ausiliatrice\u201d, Fondazione Don Gnocchi, 10133 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Bordino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.S.P. Istituti Milanesi Martinitt e Stelline e Pio Albergo Trivulzio, via Antonio Tolomeo Trivulzio, 15, 20146 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3835-6507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micaela","family":"Porta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Leban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Rolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro di Recupero eRieducazione Funzionale \u201cMonsignor Luigi Novarese\u201d, Loc Trompone, 13040 Moncrivello, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9835-3629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Pau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio Marcello","family":"Solaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Galliera Hospital, 16149 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1177\/17474930211065917","article-title":"World Stroke Organization (WSO): Global Stroke Fact Sheet 2022","volume":"17","author":"Feigin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. 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