{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T18:51:30Z","timestamp":1789239090048,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]],"date-time":"2025-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this preliminary study, the thermoregulatory response in individuals diagnosed with Parkinson\u2019s disease was investigated by infrared thermography. Parkinson\u2019s disease is a complex neurodegenerative disorder primarily known for motor impairments, significantly reducing the quality of life of affected people. However, in most cases, such disease is accompanied or preceded by non-motor symptoms, including autonomic dysfunction. As in the case of neurovegetative dysautonomia, this dysfunction involves a malfunction of the autonomic nervous system, which also plays a key role in thermoregulation. In general, such conditions are not always easy to detect; a valid method could be represented by the vasomotor response of the skin to cold stimuli. In this context, infrared thermography can provide insights into the thermoregulatory patterns associated with autonomic dysfunction, representing a valuable tool for non-invasive assessment of Parkinson\u2019s research. Early biomarkers of the disease can be obtained through changes in skin temperature, allowing for timely intervention and management. The study was conducted on a cohort of 16 subjects (8 patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease and 8 healthy controls), who were monitored with infrared images captured from their hands, following a specific protocol established by a preliminary analysis. Experimental results revealed that thermography can detect focal points and regions exhibiting either hyper- or hypothermia across the skin surface and muscular regions. This capability allows for extracting and categorizing precise medical data, which could inform future research aimed at identifying early markers of the disease. However, as this is a preliminary observational study, no diagnostic claims are made, and further investigations on larger cohorts with controlled comorbidities are needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s25175243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T00:09:53Z","timestamp":1756080593000},"page":"5243","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["InfraRed Thermographic Measurements in Parkinson\u2019s Disease Subjects: Preliminary Results"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7374-851X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Cannuli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Messina, C.da di Dio, 98166 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0779-1672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Freni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Messina, C.da di Dio, 98166 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2567-9588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonino","family":"Quattrocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Messina, C.da di Dio, 98166 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9644-5570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Terranova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98125 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Venuto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Messina, C.da di Dio, 98166 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9754-0139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Montanini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Messina, C.da di Dio, 98166 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"309","article-title":"Implications of surface temperatures in the diagnosis of breast cancer","volume":"75","author":"Lawson","year":"1956","journal-title":"Can. 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