{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T02:32:21Z","timestamp":1787797941845,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"AFA Insurance","award":["210031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["210031"]}]},{"name":"AFA Insurance","award":["180254"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["180254"]}]},{"name":"AFA Insurance","award":["2017-01209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-01209"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006636","name":"Forte","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["210031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["210031"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006636","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006636","name":"Forte","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["180254"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["180254"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006636","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006636","name":"Forte","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017-01209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-01209"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006636","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ume\u00e5 University and Region V\u00e4sterbotten (ALF)","award":["210031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["210031"]}]},{"name":"Ume\u00e5 University and Region V\u00e4sterbotten (ALF)","award":["180254"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["180254"]}]},{"name":"Ume\u00e5 University and Region V\u00e4sterbotten (ALF)","award":["2017-01209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-01209"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Among workers performing hand-intensive tasks, musculoskeletal disorders in the upper extremities are more frequent in women than in men. However, risk assessments are generally not sex-specific, and it is not known whether exposures in regular work differ between females and males. The aim of this study was to compare measured wrist joint velocity and muscle activity between men and women performing identical tasks. Participants (28 female\u2013male pairs) performed one of eighteen hand-intensive on-site tasks. Wrist velocity was measured using inertial units. Forearm muscle activity was measured via surface electromyography and normalized to maximal voluntary electrical activation (MVE). The 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles and time in muscle recovery (&lt; 0.5 %MVE) were computed. Between-sex differences were tested using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Wrist angular velocities did not significantly differ between sexes in any percentile (all p &gt; 0.374). The muscle activity was significantly higher in female workers (p &lt; 0.001\u20130.004), ranging from 1.3 to 2.8 times higher, and they spent less time in muscle recovery (p &lt; 0.001). In hand-intensive tasks involving women and men, risk assessments should prioritize assessments of women to ensure protection against work-related musculoskeletal disorders for all workers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s25175517","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T15:31:21Z","timestamp":1756999881000},"page":"5517","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Are There Sex Differences in Wrist Velocity and Forearm Muscle Activity When Performing Identical Hand-Intensive Work Tasks?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0882-818X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gunilla","family":"Dahlgren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Ume\u00e5 University, S-901 87 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Ume\u00e5 University, S-901 87 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"Liv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Ume\u00e5 University, S-901 87 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3363-7414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fredrik","family":"\u00d6hberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics, Department of Diagnostics and Intervention, Ume\u00e5 University, S-901 87 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisbeth","family":"Slunga J\u00e4rvholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Ume\u00e5 University, S-901 87 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5777-4232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikael","family":"Forsman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMM Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Division of Ergonomics, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, H\u00e4lsov\u00e4gen 11C, S-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7998-9744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B\u00f6rje","family":"Rehn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Ume\u00e5 University, S-901 87 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (2023, March 15). 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