{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T21:47:07Z","timestamp":1776203227592,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fondazione Alberto Sordi","award":["FAS 81\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAS 81\/19"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Autonomic dysfunction is a key non-motor feature of Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) and may influence motor performance, particularly gait. While heart rate variability (HRV) has been associated with freezing of gait, its relationship with broader gait parameters remains unclear. The objective was to investigate correlations between resting-state HRV time-domain measures and spatiotemporal gait parameters during comfortable and fast walking in patients with idiopathic PD. Twenty-eight PD patients (mean age 68 \u00b1 9 years) were evaluated at Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital. HRV was recorded at rest using the e-Sense pule\u2122 portable sensor, including the Baevsky\u2019s Stress Index a measure increasing with sympathetic burden. Gait parameters were assessed via the 10 m Timed Up and Go (TUG) test using the Mon4t\u2122 smartphone app at comfortable and fast pace. Clinical data included UPDRS III, MoCA, and disease characteristics. Gait metrics significantly changed between walking conditions. HRV parameters clustered separately from gait metrics but intersected with significant correlations. Higher Stress Index values, reflecting sympathetic dominance, were associated with poorer gait performance, including prolonged transition times, shorter steps, and increased variability (p &lt; 0.001, r = 0.57\u20130.61). MoCA scores inversely correlated with the Stress Index (r = \u22120.52, p = 0.004), linking cognitive and autonomic status. UPDRS III and MoCA were related to TUG metrics but not HRV. Time-domain HRV measures, particularly the Stress Index, are significantly associated with spatiotemporal gait features in PD, independent of gait speed. These findings suggest that impaired autonomic regulation contributes to functional mobility deficits in PD and supports the role of HRV as a biomarker in motor assessment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s25185756","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T10:06:25Z","timestamp":1758017185000},"page":"5756","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Sympathetic Burden Measured Through a Chest-Worn Sensor Correlates with Spatiotemporal Gait Performances and Global Cognition in Parkinson\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4584-241X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Sergi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Viale Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Research Unit of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2032-8367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziv","family":"Yekutieli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mon4t, Tel Aviv 6706057, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Meloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7955-3369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edoardo","family":"Bianchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Viale Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"AGEIS, Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Vivacqua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Di Lazzaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Viale Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Research Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology and Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9885-3666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Marano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Viale Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Research Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology and Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2284","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00218-X","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"397","author":"Bloem","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01419-8","article-title":"The epidemiology of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"403","author":"Darweesh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"S3","article-title":"The Emerging Evidence of the Parkinson Pandemic","volume":"8","author":"Dorsey","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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