{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T21:30:04Z","timestamp":1776807004241,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities of Spain","award":["FPU20\/02939"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FPU20\/02939"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities of Spain","award":["GR24133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GR24133"]}]},{"name":"Research Group Support Grant","award":["FPU20\/02939"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FPU20\/02939"]}]},{"name":"Research Group Support Grant","award":["GR24133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GR24133"]}]},{"name":"European Union through the European Regional Development Funds, and the Government of Extremadura (Department of Education, Science, and Vocational Training)","award":["FPU20\/02939"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FPU20\/02939"]}]},{"name":"European Union through the European Regional Development Funds, and the Government of Extremadura (Department of Education, Science, and Vocational Training)","award":["GR24133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GR24133"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Physical Education sessions subject students to various physical and physiological demands that teachers must understand to design interventions aimed at improving health and fitness. This study aimed to quantify and compare external and internal load before and after implementing two intervention programs: one based on the Game-Centered Model and another Hybrid Model that combines the Game-Centered Model with the Sport Education Model. (2) Methods: A total of 47 first-year secondary school students participated, divided into two naturally formed groups. Pre- and post-intervention assessments involved 4 vs. 4 matches monitored using WIMU Pro\u2122 inertial measurement units and heart rate monitors to collect kinematic, neuromuscular, and physiological data. The combined use of inertial sensors and heart rate monitors enabled the objective quantification of students\u2019 physical demands. (3) Results: No significant improvements were observed between pre- and post-tests, possibly due to the short duration of the interventions. However, the Hybrid Model generated higher levels of external load, both kinematic and neuromuscular, in the post-test. (4) Conclusions: The Hybrid Model appears more effective in increasing students\u2019 physical engagement. Inertial sensors represent a valid and practical tool for monitoring and adjusting instructional strategies in school-based Physical Education.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s25185929","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T17:08:17Z","timestamp":1758560897000},"page":"5929","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Monitoring the Impact of Two Pedagogical Models on Physical Load in an Alternative School Sport Using Inertial Devices"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6757-0161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Calle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Training Optimization and Sport Performance Research Group (GOERD), Sport Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, 10005 Caceres, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7451-4448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Ant\u00fanez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Training Optimization and Sport Performance Research Group (GOERD), Sport Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, 10005 Caceres, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0787-5136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Espinosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N\u00ccKE: Research Group in Education, Health and Sports Performance, Didactics of Physical Education and Health, International University of La Rioja (UNIR), 26006 Logro\u00f1o, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6009-4086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio Jos\u00e9","family":"Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Training Optimization and Sport Performance Research Group (GOERD), Sport Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, 10005 Caceres, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2959-5960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebasti\u00e1n","family":"Feu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Training Optimization and Sport Performance Research Group (GOERD), Sport Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, 10005 Caceres, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"719","article-title":"An\u00e1lisis del disfrute con la educaci\u00f3n f\u00edsica, la importancia de las clases y las intenciones de pr\u00e1ctica en estudiantes de secundaria: Comparativa por g\u00e9nero y curso","volume":"38","author":"Alguacil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Retos Nuevas Tend. En. Educ. F\u00eds. Deporte Y Recreaci\u00f3n"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cale, L. (2023). Physical Education: At the Centre of Physical Activity Promotion in Schools. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20116033"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(19)30323-2","article-title":"Global trends in insufficient physical activity among adolescents: A pooled analysis of 298 population-based surveys with 1\u00b76 million participants","volume":"4","author":"Guthold","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kang, X., Meng, Q., and Su, C.-H. (2024). School-Based Team Sports as Catalysts for Holistic Student Wellness: A Narrative Review. Behav. Sci., 14.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202405.0030.v1"},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2020). Who Guidelines Physical Activity and Sedentary and Sedentary Habits, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gamero, M.G., Garc\u00eda-Ceberino, J.M., Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, S.J., and Feu, S. (2021). Influence of the Pedagogical Model and Experience on the Internal and External Task Load in School Basketball. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182211854"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"0117","article-title":"Niveles de actividad f\u00edsica medido con aceler\u00f3metro en alumnos de 3\u00ba ciclo de Educaci\u00f3n Primaria: Actividad f\u00edsica diaria y sesiones de Educaci\u00f3n F\u00edsica","volume":"21","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev. Psicol. Deport."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Dur\u00e1n, C.C., and Enc\u00edncas, T.M. (2023). Introducci\u00f3n. Deportes Alternativos, INDE. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Landivar, M.J. (2020). Conceptualizaci\u00f3n de los Juegos y Deportes Alternativos. Pedagogia do Esporte: Ensino, Viv\u00eancia e Aprendizagem do Esporte na Educa\u00e7\u00e3o F\u00edsica Escolar, UNEMAT, C\u00e1ceres Mato Groso. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"40","article-title":"Los deportes alternativos en el \u00e1mbito educativo","volume":"6","author":"Suero","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Educ. Mot. Investig."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calle, O., Ant\u00fanez, A., Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, S.J., and Feu, S. (2023). Pedagogical Models in Alternative Invasion Team Sports: A Systematic Review. Sustainability, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/su151813465"},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Barrionuevo, S. (2019). La ense\u00f1anza Comprensiva de los Deportes Alternativos, Editorial Wanceulen."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calle, O., Ant\u00fanez, A., Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, S.J., and Feu, S. (2024). Analysis of Tactical Knowledge for Learning an Alternative Invasion Sport. Educ. Sci., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci14101136"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casey, A., and Kirk, D. (2021). Models-Based Practice in Physical Education, Routledge. [1st ed.].","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429319259"},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Green, K., and Hardman, K. (2005). Model-based teaching, and assessment in Physical Education: The Tactical Games Model. Physical Education: Essential Issues, Sage Publications Ltd."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Metzler, M. (2017). Instructional Models in Physical Education, Routledge. [3rd ed.].","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315213521"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feu, S., Garc\u00eda-Rubio, J., Gamero, M.G., and Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, S.J. (2019). Task planning for sports learning by physical education teachers in the pre-service phase. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212833"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2920","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002799","article-title":"Monitoring the External and Internal Load Under 2 Teaching Methodologies","volume":"34","author":"Feu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"2","article-title":"Ense\u00f1anza de deportes de Colaboraci\u00f3n y Oposici\u00f3n: An\u00e1lisis comparativo entre Metodolog\u00edas comprensivas y modelo tradicional","volume":"24","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cienc. Act. F\u00eds. UCM"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abad Robles, M.T., Collado-Mateo, D., Fern\u00e1ndez-Esp\u00ednola, C., Castillo Viera, E., and Gim\u00e9nez Fuentes-Guerra, F.J. (2020). Effects of Teaching Games on Decision Making and Skill Execution: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17020505"},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-V\u00edllora, S., Fern\u00e1ndez-R\u00edo, F.J., Guijarro, E., and Sierra-D\u00edaz, M.J. (2021). Los Modelos Centrados en el Juego para la Iniciaci\u00f3n Comprensiva del Deporte, Morata. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1080\/17408989.2022.2039615","article-title":"What do we know about pedagogical models in physical education so far? An umbrella review","volume":"29","author":"Iglesias","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phys. Educ. Sport Pedagog."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"309","article-title":"Intensity of Physical Education Classes in Adolescents","volume":"15","author":"Yuste","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev.int.med.cienc.act.f\u00eds.Deporte"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"886","article-title":"El modelo de Educaci\u00f3n Deportiva en Espa\u00f1a: Una revisi\u00f3n sistem\u00e1tica","volume":"38","author":"Guijarro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Retos Nuevas Tend. En. Educ. F\u00eds. Deporte Y Recreaci\u00f3n"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.2017.1321100","article-title":"A Sport Education Fitness Season\u2019s Impact on Students\u2019 Fitness Levels, Knowledge, and In-Class Physical Activity","volume":"88","author":"Ward","year":"2017","journal-title":"Res. Q. Exerc. Sport"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1123\/jtpe.2013-0149","article-title":"Game Performance and Understanding Within a Hybrid Sport Education Season","volume":"34","author":"Farias","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Teach. Phys. Educ."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gil-Arias, A., Harvey, S., Carceles, A., Praxedes, A., and Del Villar, F. (2017). Impact of a hybrid TGfU-Sport Education unit on student motivation in physical education. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179876"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1177\/1356336X18797363","article-title":"Hybridizing pedagogical models: A systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Evangelio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Phys. Educ. Rev."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gouveia, \u00c9.R., Lizandra, J., Martinho, D.V., Fran\u00e7a, C., Ihle, A., Sarmento, H., Antunes, H., Correia, A.L., Lopes, H., and Marques, A. (2022). The Impact of Different Pedagogical Models on Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity in Physical Education Classes. Children, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/children9121790"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2017-0045","article-title":"Neuromuscular Responses to Conditioned Soccer Sessions Assessed via GPS-Embedded Accelerometers: Insights into Tactical Periodization","volume":"13","author":"Buchheit","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-013-0069-2","article-title":"Global positioning systems (GPS) and microtechnology sensors in team sports: A systematic review","volume":"43","author":"Cummins","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003106","article-title":"Using an Inertial Device (WIMU PRO) to Quantify Neuromuscular Load in Running: Reliability, Convergent Validity, and Influence of Type of Surface and Device Location","volume":"34","author":"Olcina","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"21","article-title":"Validaci\u00f3n del sistema integral de an\u00e1lisis de las tareas en Educaci\u00f3n F\u00edsica","volume":"27","author":"Feu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Profr. Rev. Curr\u00edculum Y Form. Profr."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2164","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001319","article-title":"Technical and Physical Activities of Small-Sided Games in Young Korean Soccer Players","volume":"30","author":"Joo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-022-00498-9","article-title":"External and Internal Load Variables Encountered During Training and Games in Female Basketball Players According to Playing Level and Playing Position: A Systematic Review","volume":"8","author":"Power","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sports Med. Open"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2743","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-018-0982-5","article-title":"The Association Between Training Load and Performance in Team Sports: A Systematic Review","volume":"48","author":"Fox","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"Borg, G. (1998). Borg\u2019s Perceived Exertion and Pain Scales, Human Kinetics."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Ceberino, J.M., Ant\u00fanez, A., Feu, S., and Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, S.J. (2020). Quantification of Internal and External Load in School Football According to Gender and Teaching Methodology. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17010344"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Camomilla, V., Bergamini, E., Fantozzi, S., and Vannozzi, G. (2018). Trends Supporting the In-Field Use of Wearable Inertial Sensors for Sport Performance Evaluation: A Systematic Review. Sensors, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/s18030873"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7863","DOI":"10.4081\/or.2020.7863","article-title":"The use of GPS and inertial devices for player monitoring in team sports: A review of current and future applications","volume":"12","author":"Theodoropoulos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Orthop. Rev."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Chamorro, C., and Mi\u00f1a, T. (2023). La Rosquilla. Deportes Alternativos, INDE. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1123\/jtpe.2013-0155","article-title":"Games Centered Approaches in Teaching Children & Adolescents: Systematic Review of Associated Student Outcomes","volume":"34","author":"Miller","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Teach. Phys. Educ."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"73","article-title":"The Use of GPS Analysis to Quantify the Internal and External Match Demands of Semi-Elite Level Female Soccer Players during a Tournament","volume":"18","author":"Strauss","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci. Med."},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"O\u2019Donoghue, P. (2013). Statistics for Sport, and Exercise Studies: An Introduction, Routledge."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.17398\/1885-7019.20.43","article-title":"Validaci\u00f3n de dos programas de intervenci\u00f3n para el aprendizaje del deporte alternativo \u201cla Rosquilla\u201d","volume":"20","author":"Calle","year":"2024","journal-title":"E-Balonmano.Com. J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2019.1584248","article-title":"Comparing accuracy between global positioning systems and ultra-wideband-based position tracking systems used for tactical analyses in soccer","volume":"19","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Sport Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bastida-Castillo, A., G\u00f3mez-Carmona, C.D., De la Cruz-S\u00e1nchez, E., Reche-Royo, X., Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, S.J., and Pino Ortega, J. (2019). Accuracy and Inter-Unit Reliability of Ultra-Wide-Band Tracking System in Indoor Exercise. Appl. Sci., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/app9050939"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rico-Gonz\u00e1lez, M., Los Arcos, A., Rojas-Valverde, D., Clemente, F.M., and Pino-Ortega, J. (2020). A Survey to Assess the Quality of the Data Obtained by Radio-Frequency Technologies and Microelectromechanical Systems to Measure External Workload and Collective Behavior Variables in Team Sports. Sensors, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/s20082271"},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Field, A. (2009). Discovering Statistics Using SPSS, Publications Sage. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"281","article-title":"Parameter estimation of Poisson generalized linear mixed models based on three different statistical principles: A simulation study","volume":"39","author":"Casals","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sort-Stat. Oper. Res. Trans."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iannaccone, A., Conte, D., Cortis, C., and Fusco, A. (2021). Usefulness of Linear Mixed-Effects Models to Assess the Relationship between Objective and Subjective Internal Load in Team Sports. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18020392"},{"key":"ref_52","unstructured":"Lenhard, W., and Lenhard, A. (2016). Calculation of Effect Sizes, Psychometrica."},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"210","article-title":"Potencia estad\u00edstica y c\u00e1lculo del tama\u00f1o del efecto en G*Power: Complementos a las pruebas de significaci\u00f3n estad\u00edstica y su aplicaci\u00f3n en psicolog\u00eda","volume":"5","author":"Arancibia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Salud Soc."},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, Erlbaum. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"100","article-title":"Accelerometry in Basketball. Study of External Load during Training","volume":"135","year":"2019","journal-title":"Apunt. Educ. Fis. Deportes"},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"67","article-title":"An\u00e1lisis de la relaci\u00f3n entre las variables de entrenamiento en un equipo de baloncesto","volume":"36","author":"Godoy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Educ. F\u00eds. Deport."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, S.J., G\u00f3mez-Carmona, C.D., L\u00f3pez-Sierra, P., and Feu, S. (2024). Intensity Thresholds for External Workload Demands in Basketball: Is Individualization Based on Playing Positions Necessary?. Sensors, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/s24041146"},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"153","article-title":"Influencia de una temporada de educaci\u00f3n deportiva sobre las estrategias motivacionales en alumnado de bachillerato: Una visi\u00f3n desde la teor\u00eda de la auto-determinaci\u00f3n","volume":"13","year":"2017","journal-title":"E-Balonmano.Com. J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"167","article-title":"Aplicaci\u00f3n de un enfoque educativo e integral en el deporte extraescolar mediante el modelo de educaci\u00f3n deportiva","volume":"16","author":"Segovia","year":"2020","journal-title":"E-Balonmano.Com. J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2723","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000932","article-title":"Heart rate, time-motion, and body impacts when changing the number of teammates and opponents in soccer small-sided games","volume":"29","author":"Marcelino","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2014.933879","article-title":"Acceleration and sprint profiles of a profesional elite football team in match play","volume":"15","author":"Ingebrigtsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Sport Sci."},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"741","article-title":"Estrategias en educaci\u00f3n f\u00edsica para optimizar la condici\u00f3n f\u00edsica de los escolares: Un metaan\u00e1lisis de intervenciones","volume":"64","year":"2025","journal-title":"Retos Nuevas Tend. En. Educ. F\u00eds. Deporte Y Recreaci\u00f3n"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/17408980500466813","article-title":"Influence of a hybrid Sport Education teaching games for understanding unit on one teacher and his students","volume":"11","author":"Hastie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phys. Educ. Sport Pedagog."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1080\/00336297.2025.2451970","article-title":"Analysis of the Application and Hybridization of Pedagogical Models in Physical Education on Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Motivational Mechanisms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"77","year":"2025","journal-title":"Quest"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1080\/18377122.2011.9730345","article-title":"Examination of self-determination within the sport education model","volume":"2","author":"Perlman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asia-Pac. J. Health Sport Phys. Educ."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327965PLI1104_01","article-title":"The \u201cwhat\u201d and \u201cwhy\u201d of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior","volume":"11","author":"Deci","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychol. Inq."},{"key":"ref_67","first-page":"442","article-title":"Sport Education, and extra-curricular sport participation: An examination using the transcontextual model of motivation","volume":"81","author":"Wallhead","year":"2010","journal-title":"Res. Q. Exerc. Sport"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.2014.961051","article-title":"Effect of a sport education program on motivation for physical education and leisure-time physical activity","volume":"85","author":"Wallhead","year":"2014","journal-title":"Res. Q. Exerc. Sport"},{"key":"ref_69","first-page":"25","article-title":"La valoraci\u00f3n del VO2 m\u00e1x. y su relaci\u00f3n con el riesgo cardiovascular como medio de ense\u00f1anza-aprendizaje","volume":"10","author":"Corral","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cuad. Psico. Deporte"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/25\/18\/5929\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:47:15Z","timestamp":1760035635000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/25\/18\/5929"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["s25185929"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s25185929","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]}}}