{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T01:45:54Z","timestamp":1793497554517,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Achievement Concept Verification Project","award":["20220481077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20220481077"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Modern subway platforms are generally equipped with platform screen door systems to enhance safety, but the gap between the platform screen doors and train doors may cause passengers or objects to become trapped, leading to accidents. Addressing the issues of excessive parameter counts and computational complexity in existing foreign object intrusion detection algorithms, as well as false positives and false negatives for small objects, this article introduces a lightweight deep learning model based on YOLOv11n, named GA-YOLOv11. First, a lightweight GhostConv convolution module is introduced into the backbone network to reduce computational resource waste in irrelevant areas, thereby lowering model complexity and computational load. Additionally, the GAM attention mechanism is incorporated into the head network to enhance the model\u2019s ability to distinguish features, enabling precise identification of object location and category, and significantly reducing the probability of false positives and false negatives. Experimental results demonstrate that in comparison to the original YOLOv11n model, the improved model achieves 3.3%, 3.2%, 1.2%, and 3.5% improvements in precision, recall, mAP@0.5, and mAP@0.5: 0.95, respectively. In contrast to the original YOLOv11n model, the number of parameters and GFLOPs were reduced by 18% and 7.9%, respectfully, while maintaining the same model size. The improved model is more lightweight while ensuring real-time performance and accuracy, designed for detecting foreign objects in subway platform gaps.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s25196137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T13:33:41Z","timestamp":1759757621000},"page":"6137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["GA-YOLOv11: A Lightweight Subway Foreign Object Detection Model Based on Improved YOLOv11"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Ning","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Electrical Engineering School, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Electrical Engineering School, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Modern Measurement and Control Technology of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wensheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Electrical Engineering School, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Modern Measurement and Control Technology of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shan, J., Miccinesi, L., Beni, A., Pagnini, L., Cioncolini, A., and Pieraccini, M. 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