{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:08:16Z","timestamp":1787029696988,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008389","name":"Minister of Science and Higher Education","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RID\/SP\/0032\/2024\/01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RID\/SP\/0032\/2024\/01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008389","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Minister of Science","award":["MEiN\/2022\/DPI\/2578"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MEiN\/2022\/DPI\/2578"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004569","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RID\/SP\/0032\/2024\/01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RID\/SP\/0032\/2024\/01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science","award":["MEiN\/2022\/DPI\/2578"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MEiN\/2022\/DPI\/2578"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>FRP composite bridges have been in operation since the mid-1990s, allowing for the evaluation of their long-term behaviour. Many of the early FRP bridges in the USA and Western Europe were equipped with monitoring systems to assess their structural integrity after years of use. In Poland, the first all-FRP composite bridge was also equipped with a modern structural health monitoring (SHM) system based on distributed fibre optic sensing (DFOS) to enable long-term performance monitoring. Over nearly a decade of use, the bridge\u2019s strain, stiffness, and dynamic properties have been evaluated three times through static and dynamic load tests. Research findings indicate that the bridge has maintained satisfactory structural integrity and durability over an eight-year operational period. However, the quality of the adhesive joints between the girders and the deck panels was found to be inadequate, resulting in a slight decrease in the bridge\u2019s performance, specifically in stiffness and dynamic characteristics. Fortunately, these negative changes did not compromise the bridge\u2019s safety or serviceability, as stipulated by the design requirements. An effective repair was completed, restoring the bridge to its full operational efficiency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s25237131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T17:28:07Z","timestamp":1763746087000},"page":"7131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Long-Term Performance Evaluation of an FRP Composite Road Bridge Using DFOS Monitoring System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8550-7382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Kulpa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Road and Bridges, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-084 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2003-000X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Siwowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Road and Bridges, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-084 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4930-3443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mateusz","family":"Rajchel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Road and Bridges, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-084 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8200-3827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa","family":"B\u0142azik-Borowa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Structural Mechanics, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3750-8281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Jukowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Road and Bridges, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-3617(10)70111-9","article-title":"Developments in FRP bridge design","volume":"54","author":"Kendall","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reinf. 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