{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T16:52:50Z","timestamp":1791046370752,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100024224","name":"Chemo-Sero-Therapeutic Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100024224","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Kumamoto Driving School (KDS) Ltd."},{"name":"Higo Bank Ltd., Japan"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study explores the potential of accelerometer-based gait analysis as a non-invasive approach for predicting cognitive impairment in older adults. A total of 75 participants (61.3% female; mean age: 78.9 years), including cognitively normal individuals and patients with dementia, were enrolled. Walking data were collected using a six-axis waist-worn accelerometer during self-paced locomotion. Allan variance (AVAR), a robust statistical measure of frequency stability, was applied to characterize gait dynamics. AVAR-derived features, combined with participant age, were used as inputs to machine learning models, logistic regression and Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) for classifying cognitive status based on Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores. LightGBM achieved superior performance (AUC = 0.92) compared to logistic regression (AUC = 0.85). Although mild cognitive impairment (MCI) cases were grouped with cognitively normal participants, gait-based classification revealed that MCI individuals exhibited patterns more similar to those with cognitive impairment. These results suggest that AVAR-based gait features are promising for early detection of cognitive decline in older adults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s25237390","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T18:42:02Z","timestamp":1764960122000},"page":"7390","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Accelerometer-Based Gait Analysis as a Predictive Tool for Mild Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4223-6735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junwei","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Data Sciences, Research and Education Institute for Semiconductors and Informatics, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1, Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiko","family":"Nagata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kumamoto Driving School (KDS) Ltd., Kumamoto 861-8003, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4865-7266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshiya","family":"Shimamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Kumamoto Southern Regional Hospital, Kumamoto 861-4214, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3780-988X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shigehito","family":"Matsubara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Health and Sports Science, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kumamoto 861-5533, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masato","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry & Biochemistry, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumiya","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry & Biochemistry, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuya","family":"Motoshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Kumamoto Southern Regional Hospital, Kumamoto 861-4214, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsuhisa","family":"Uchino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Kumamoto Southern Regional Hospital, Kumamoto 861-4214, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Kumamoto Southern Regional Hospital, Kumamoto 861-4214, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miwa","family":"Nogami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kumamoto Driving School (KDS) Ltd., Kumamoto 861-8003, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Harada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Data Sciences, Research and Education Institute for Semiconductors and Informatics, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1, Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Uchino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Kumamoto Southern Regional Hospital, Kumamoto 861-4214, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6437-6993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shinichiro","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Data Sciences, Research and Education Institute for Semiconductors and Informatics, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1, Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Prince, M., Bryce, R., and Ferri, C. 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