{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T08:03:12Z","timestamp":1778659392473,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Deep Sedation (DS) allows for shorter recovery times, reduced complication rates and increased cost-effectiveness compared to general anesthesia. In prolonged DS, High Flow Nasal Oxygen Therapy (HFNOT) ensures adequate oxygenation. Concerns remain regarding potential masking of inadequate ventilation and induction of hyperoxia. In this single-center observational study, we continuously monitored tcPCO2 and mitoPO2 in 30 patients using the SenTec Monitoring System and Cellular Oxygen METabolism (COMET\u00ae, Photonics Healthcare, Utrecht, The Netherlands) device to observe the effect of prolonged DS with HFNOT on periprocedural ventilation and oxygenation. Measurements were taken at baseline and 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after starting DS. tcPCO2 significantly increased after 30 (55.5 (34.5\u201361.9) mmHg, p &lt; 0.001), 60 (54.8 (52.5\u201362.2) mmHg, p &lt; 0.001), 90 (56.5 (53.1\u201369.3), p &lt; 0.001) and 120 (55.8 (50.7\u201356.6) mmHg, p = 0.02) minutes of DS compared to baseline (37.3 (34.5\u201345.5) mmHg), surpassing the normal range (35\u201345 mmHg). mitoPO2 increased non-significantly from baseline (69.6 (43.9\u201376.7) mmHg) compared to 30 (80.5 (65.7\u201398.9) mmHg, p = 0.19), 60 (78.6 (70.3\u201385.8) mmHg, p = 0.19), 90 (74.4 (52.7\u201386.3) mmHg, p = 0.38) and 120 (85.6 (82.5\u201398.0) mmHg, p = 0.38) minutes. We observed increased tcPCO2 and a non-significant rise in mitoPO2 over time, without adverse effects. These findings highlight the potential of continuous sensor-based monitoring to improve real-time detection of ventilation and oxygenation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s25247573","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T15:52:59Z","timestamp":1765813979000},"page":"7573","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Effect of Deep Sedation with High Flow Nasal Oxygen Therapy on the Transcutaneous CO2 and Mitochondrial Oxygenation: A Single-Center Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9395-1107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annika M.","family":"van Smaalen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5072-3405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Calvin J.","family":"de Wijs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4022-9574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanne E.","family":"Hoeks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8191-2236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Egbert G.","family":"Mik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5478-4993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Floor A.","family":"Harms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68230-5","article-title":"Procedural sedation and analgesia in children","volume":"367","author":"Krauss","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Committee on Quality Management and Departmental Administration (2025, October 10). 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