{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T12:02:34Z","timestamp":1781870554075,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health (NIH) Center for Smart Use of Technologies to Assess Real-World Outcomes (C-STAR) at the Shirley Ryan AbilityLab","award":["P2CHD101899"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2CHD101899"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Understanding the forces imparted onto an object during manipulation can shed light on the quality of daily manual behaviors. We have developed an objective measure of the quality of hand function in children, the Bead Maze Hand Function Test, which quantifies how well the individual performs the activity by integrating measures of time and force control. Our main objectives were to examine associations between performance (total force output) on the Bead Maze Hand Function Test (BMHFT) and (1) performance on a sensitive measure of force scaling obtained on a laboratory-based dexterous manipulation task, and (2) general sensory and motor parameters important for fine motor skills. A total of 39 typically developing participants ranging in age from 5 to 10 years old (n = 28) and 15 to 17 years (n = 11). We found that the anticipatory coordination of digit forces was the best predictor of performance on the Bead Maze Hand Function test. We also found that factors such as age, gender, and pinch strength were associated with the BMHFT performance. These findings support the integration of more sensitive sensorimotor metrics, such as the total applied force, into clinical assessments. Linking the development of sensorimotor capabilities to functional task performance may facilitate more targeted and effective intervention strategies, ultimately improving a child\u2019s participation in daily activities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s25247670","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T10:06:56Z","timestamp":1766052416000},"page":"7670","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sensorimotor Parameters Predict Performance on the Bead Maze Hand Function Test"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2026-1796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vivian L.","family":"Rose","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuromotor and Biomechanics Research, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4036-8526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Komal K.","family":"Kukkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuromotor and Biomechanics Research, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4312-7258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tzuan A.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1114-5718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pranav J.","family":"Parikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neuromotor and Biomechanics Research, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-4388(92)90139-C","article-title":"Sensory-Motor Coordination during Grasping and Manipulative Actions","volume":"2","author":"Johansson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Curr. 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