{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:10:45Z","timestamp":1784160645556,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Monodisperse mesoporous hollow silica microcapsules present unique opportunities for advanced optical characterization due to their tunable nanostructure, high porosity and easy functionalization. A critical and challenging parameter in the optimization of these applications is the accurate determination of the effective refractive index, which governs light propagation and confinement within the nanostructured matrix of such mesoporous materials. In this study, individual mesoporous hollow silica microcapsules doped with Rhodamine B dye were analysed optically by exploiting whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonances, enabling non-destructive, single-particle refractometry with nanostructural sensitivity. Fourier Transform analysis of the fluorescence emission spectra revealed sharply defined, periodically spaced WGM peaks. For microcapsules with an 88 \u03bcm diameter, the measured intermodal spacing (\u0394\u03bb\u00a0=\u00a01.296 nm) yielded an effective refractive index of 1.164. The measured value of the effective refractive index was cross-validated using Lorenz\u2013Lorentz and Bruggeman effective medium models, both predicting porosity values (~63%) that closely match independent Brunauer\u2013Emmett\u2013Teller (BET) nitrogen adsorption measurements. The excellent agreement between optical and adsorption-based porosity demonstrates that WGM spectroscopy combined with Fourier analysis is a powerful, label-free, and non-invasive technique for correlating nanoscale porosity with macroscopic optical properties. This approach is widely applicable to single-particle analyses of nanostructured dielectric materials and opens new possibilities for in situ optical metrology in the development of advanced photonic, catalytic, and biomedical platforms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s26010250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T14:33:25Z","timestamp":1767191605000},"page":"250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Highly Sensitive Measurement of the Refractive Index of Mesoporous Hollow Silica Microcapsules Using Whispering Gallery Mode Resonances"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Qisheng","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Lumi\u00e8re Mati\u00e8re et Interfaces (LUMIN), UMR 9024, Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure Paris Saclay, CentraleSup\u00e9lec, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 4 Avenue des Sciences, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8653-6652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sadok","family":"Kouz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Lumi\u00e8re Mati\u00e8re et Interfaces (LUMIN), UMR 9024, Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure Paris Saclay, CentraleSup\u00e9lec, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 4 Avenue des Sciences, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aatir","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Lumi\u00e8re Mati\u00e8re et Interfaces (LUMIN), UMR 9024, Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure Paris Saclay, CentraleSup\u00e9lec, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 4 Avenue des Sciences, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naheed","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Lumi\u00e8re Mati\u00e8re et Interfaces (LUMIN), UMR 9024, Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure Paris Saclay, CentraleSup\u00e9lec, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 4 Avenue des Sciences, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nizar","family":"Bchellaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Lumi\u00e8re Mati\u00e8re et Interfaces (LUMIN), UMR 9024, Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure Paris Saclay, CentraleSup\u00e9lec, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 4 Avenue des Sciences, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3324-2300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdel I.","family":"El Abed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Lumi\u00e8re Mati\u00e8re et Interfaces (LUMIN), UMR 9024, Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure Paris Saclay, CentraleSup\u00e9lec, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 4 Avenue des Sciences, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4093","DOI":"10.1021\/cr0200062","article-title":"Chemical strategies to design textured materials: From microporous and mesoporous oxides to nanonetworks and hierarchical structures","volume":"102","author":"Sanchez","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chem. 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