{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T16:17:16Z","timestamp":1784391436755,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union Horizon 2020 5G-MOBIX","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["825496"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["825496"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union Horizon 2020 5G-MOBIX","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["957216"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["957216"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Spanish CENTRO PARA EL DESARROLLO TECNOL\u00d3GICO INDUSTRIAL","award":["TIC-20240154"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TIC-20240154"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Intelligent vehicle networks powered by machine learning, AI and blockchain are transforming various sectors beyond transportation. In this context, being able to remote drive a vehicle is key for enhancing autonomous driving systems. After deploying end-to-end teleoperated driving systems under 5G networks, the need to address complex challenges in other critical areas arises. These challenges belong to different technologies that need to be integrated in this particular system: video transmission and visualization technologies, artificial intelligence techniques, and network optimization features, incorporating haptic devices and critical data security. This article explores how these technologies can enhance the teleoperated driving activity experiences already executed in real-life environments by analyzing the quality of the video which is transmitted over the network, exploring its correlation with the current state-of-the-art AI object detection algorithms, analyzing the extended reality and digital twin paradigms, obtaining the maximum possible performance of forthcoming 6G networks and proposing decentralized security schema for ensuring the privacy and safety of the end-users of teleoperated driving infrastructures. An integrated set of conclusions and recommendations will be given to outline the future teleoperated driving systems design in the forthcoming years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s26020571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T15:12:04Z","timestamp":1768403524000},"page":"571","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["End-to-End Teleoperated Driving Video Transmission Under 6G with AI and Blockchain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8775-0733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignacio Benito","family":"Frontelo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nokia XR Lab, 28050 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3502-6791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nokia XR Lab, 28050 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6389-4430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuria","family":"Oyaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nokia XR Lab, 28050 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3475-4594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Orduna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nokia XR Lab, 28050 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64920","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3183758","article-title":"Remote driving control with real-time video streaming over wireless networks: Design and evaluation","volume":"10","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sato, Y., Kashihara, S., and Ogishi, T. 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