{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T01:12:02Z","timestamp":1769821922748,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011755","name":"National Center for Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DOB SZAFIR\/12\/A\/029\/01\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DOB SZAFIR\/12\/A\/029\/01\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011755","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Homemade explosives (HMEs) are of increasing interest to security forces worldwide due to their widespread utilization by terrorists. Their synthesis is relatively straightforward, requiring only a few readily available chemical compounds. Among the most popular HMEs are organic peroxides, specifically triacetone triperoxide (TATP) and hexamethylene triperoxide diamine (HMTD). This manuscript reports on a paper-based sensor developed for the detection of HMTD. The sensor facilitates fast, inexpensive, and simple detection of this peroxide. The developed sensor was compared with well-established commercial and in-house-developed iodometric tests typically used for peroxide determination. The colorimetric principle was based on the use of a potassium iodide and citric acid solution applied to a paper substrate. The HMTD and TATP samples were prepared in an acetone\u2013water mixture (1:1, v\/v). The sensor was able to detect HMTD down to a limit of 0.01 mg\/mL. The developed sensor does not exhibit cross-reactivity with other explosives, including TATP. Furthermore, an HSV analysis of the photographs was performed using the Trigit application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s26030904","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T13:04:46Z","timestamp":1769778286000},"page":"904","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Colorimetric Determination of Peroxides: A New Paper-Based Sensor for Detecting Hexamethylene Triperoxide Diamine (HMTD)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0739-6138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wiktoria","family":"Furmanek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Viktoriia","family":"Lastivka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8911-4682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Kasprzak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Military Institute of Armament Technology, Wyszynskiego 7, 05-220 Zielonka, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7362-8243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Izabela","family":"Mazur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Military Institute of Armament Technology, Wyszynskiego 7, 05-220 Zielonka, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4309-1278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr Andrzej","family":"Baran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Military Institute of Armament Technology, Wyszynskiego 7, 05-220 Zielonka, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6086-786X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wawrzyniec","family":"Pniewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Military Institute of Armament Technology, Wyszynskiego 7, 05-220 Zielonka, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8448-7801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Kukie\u0142czy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Military Institute of Armament Technology, Wyszynskiego 7, 05-220 Zielonka, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7545-5937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariola","family":"Koszytkowska-Stawi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3899-267X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilona","family":"Grabowska-Jadach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8530-406X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Chudy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9003-1884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Tokarska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Centre for Advanced Materials and Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, Poleczki 19, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6539-2346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamil","family":"\u017bukowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Centre for Advanced Materials and Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, Poleczki 19, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6634-766X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artur","family":"Dybko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Duquet, N. 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