{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T19:37:06Z","timestamp":1770320226468,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["P2CHD101913"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2CHD101913"]}]},{"name":"Stanford University Department of Orthopaedic Surgery"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigates the link between changes in physical activity (PA) measured by wearable accelerometers and the worsening of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) symptoms over two years. Using data from 782 participants in the Osteoarthritis Initiative accelerometer sub-study, PA was tracked with hip-worn ActiGraphs. Participants were classified as \u201cworsening\u201d if their Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) total score increased by &gt;10 points and as \u201cstable\u201d otherwise. PA was categorized into daily counts and minutes spent in various intensity levels, and analyzed in 3 h intervals across the day. Of the participants, 123 (15.7%) experienced worsening symptoms. At baseline, both groups had similar characteristics aside from slower sit-to-stand times in the worsening group. Over two years, the worsening group had a greater decline in total daily activity counts (\u221218% vs. \u221210%) and more significant reductions during late afternoon and evening (15:00\u201321:00; \u221221% vs. \u22126%). This group also showed a notable decrease in gait speed, longer sit-to-stand times, and a trend towards greater medial joint space narrowing. These findings suggest that larger declines in PA, especially in activities in the late afternoon and evening, are associated with worsening KOA symptoms, although causality cannot be established.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s26030982","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T12:46:11Z","timestamp":1770122771000},"page":"982","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Temporal Patterns of Wearable Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity and Symptom Worsening in Knee Osteoarthritis: A 2-Year Longitudinal Study from the Osteoarthritis Initiative"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0738-1569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junichi","family":"Kushioka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Spine and Scoliosis Center, Shonan Fujisawa Tokushukai Hospital, Fujisawa 251-0041, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94063, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0738-3721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruopeng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94063, USA"},{"name":"Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94063, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2990-069X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Smuck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94063, USA"},{"name":"Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94063, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"2271","article-title":"Prevalence of knee osteoarthritis in the United States: Arthritis data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1991\u201394","volume":"33","author":"Dillon","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. 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