{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T05:10:38Z","timestamp":1790140238182,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"PRIN 2022 PNRR Program - Next Generation EU","award":["P20223R3R4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20223R3R4"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Axial postural abnormalities in Parkinson\u2019s Disease (PD) are traditionally assessed using clinical rating scales, although picture-based assessment is considered the gold standard. This study evaluates the reliability and clinical relevance of two markerless body-tracking frameworks, the RGB-D-based Microsoft Azure Kinect (providing the reference KIN_3D model) and the RGB-only Google MediaPipe Pose (MP), using a synchronous dual-camera setup. Forty PD patients performed a 60 s static standing task. We compared KIN_3D with three MP models (at different complexity levels) across horizontal, vertical, sagittal, and 3D joint angles. Results show that lower-complexity MP models achieved high congruence with KIN_3D for trunk and shoulder alignment (\u03c1 &gt; 0.75), while the lateral view significantly improved tracking of sagittal angles (\u03c1 \u2265 0.72). Conversely, the high-complexity model introduced significant skeletal distortions. Clinically, several angular parameters emerged as robust metrics for postural assessment and global motor impairments, while sagittal angles correlated with motor complications. Unexpectedly, a more upright frontal alignment was associated with greater freezing of gait severity, suggesting that static postural metrics may serve as proxies for dynamic gait performance. In addition, both RGB-only and RGB-D frameworks effectively discriminated between postural severity clusters. While the higher-complexity MP model should be avoided due to inaccurate 3D reconstructions, our findings demonstrate that low- and medium-complexity MP models represent a reliable alternative to RGB-D sensors for objective postural assessment in PD, facilitating the widespread application of objective posture measurements in clinical contexts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s26041146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T15:23:14Z","timestamp":1770736994000},"page":"1146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["From RGB-D to RGB-Only: Reliability and Clinical Relevance of Markerless Skeletal Tracking for Postural Assessment in Parkinson\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5381-4794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Ferraris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering (IEIIT), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 10129 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4061-8211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Amprimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering (IEIIT), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 10129 Turin, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3670-9412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriella","family":"Olmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7626-1563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Ghislieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunications and Polito<sup>BIO<\/sup>Med Lab, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Patera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9903-5550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Suppa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7223-2060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Gallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences \u201cRita Levi Montalcini\u201d, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4842-529X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Imbalzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences \u201cRita Levi Montalcini\u201d, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Lopiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences \u201cRita Levi Montalcini\u201d, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8579-3772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo Alberto","family":"Artusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.23736\/S1973-9087.23.07865-6","article-title":"Postural alterations in breast cancer survivors: Proposal of the PABS evaluation protocol based on a systematic review","volume":"59","author":"Doro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. 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