{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T21:21:14Z","timestamp":1793136074076,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["62373144"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62373144"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["62403193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62403193"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province","award":["2024RC9015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024RC9015"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission Project","award":["SGDX20220530111001006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SGDX20220530111001006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The safety of belt conveyor operation is of great importance during coal conveyance. This paper proposes a multi-task-based GSSA-YOLOM algorithm for monitoring the state of belt conveyors, which utilizes segmentation head to detect foreign objects and belt deviation, thereby balancing the trade-offs among multiple tasks. The detection neck is responsible for multi-scale feature fusion by incorporating the Asymptotic Feature Pyramid Network (AFPN) to achieve enhanced spatial perception. Then, Groupwise Separable Convolution (GSConv) is further introduced to simplify the network architecture, reducing computational complexity while maintaining sufficient detection accuracy for edge device deployment. Moreover, the SlideLoss and Soft-NMS functions are integrated to reduce the rate of false positives and missed detections. Comparison experiments were conducted, and the results indicate that the proposed GSSA-YOLOM model can improve mAP@50 by 3.4% compared with the baseline model while reducing the number of parameters by 27%, thereby satisfying coal mine safety monitoring requirements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s26041381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T08:58:21Z","timestamp":1771837101000},"page":"1381","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["GSSA-YOLOM-Based Foreign Object and Conveyor Belt Deviation Detection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5029-8875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zuguo","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanya Institute of Hunan University of Science and Technology, Sanya 572024, China"},{"name":"School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China"},{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Maintenance for Complex Systems, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8755-1834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiayu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2337-776X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yimin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9778-3851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanya Institute of Hunan University of Science and Technology, Sanya 572024, China"},{"name":"School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China"},{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Maintenance for Complex Systems, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1375-5507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenghao","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yao, R., Qi, P., Hua, D., Zhang, X., Lu, H., and Liu, X. 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