{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T16:50:09Z","timestamp":1788627009162,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The challenging goal of equipping HF radars with a target classification ability has been pursued for many years, yet no satisfactory system-level methodology has been reported. This shortcoming severely limits the utility of radar information as, without knowing the nature of detected objects, there is little prospect of understanding the situation and tailoring a suitable response. In this paper, we present a framework within which a comprehensive approach to target characterization can be formulated. We proceed to explore a wide range of physical mechanisms whereby target information is impressed on HF radar echoes, illustrated with real data. This paper concludes with a commentary on the difficulty of integrating target classification, recognition, and identification procedures with other radar tasks and resource management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s26051412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T13:53:20Z","timestamp":1771941200000},"page":"1412","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["HF Radar Signatures and Their Use for Target Classification, Recognition and Identification"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0856-5383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stuart","family":"Anderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Department, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2026, January 12). 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