{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T18:53:47Z","timestamp":1790103227550,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Applications in enclosed spaces such as vehicle cabin on-site detection, human\u2013pet separation, and pet care have put forward higher requirements for non-contact target recognition. Millimeter-wave radar point clouds have advantages such as privacy friendliness and robustness against low light and occlusion. However, their point clouds are generally sparse, with obvious noise and multipath interference. Moreover, the fluctuation of point numbers over time makes alignment and feature learning difficult, which leads to performance degradation of existing point cloud classification methods in complex environments. To this end, this paper proposes a spatiotemporal joint classification framework for millimeter-wave point cloud sequences: An effective point mask mechanism is introduced in the spatial dimension to suppress the interference of invalid points generated by alignment on the neighborhood composition and feature aggregation and improve the reliability of local geometric representation; and to integrate attention-based time series modeling in the time dimension and enhance category separability by using cross-frame dynamic patterns. The experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve an accuracy rate of 97.8% in the three-classification tasks of Child, Cat and Dog and the ablation analysis verifies the key contributions of the mask mechanism and time series modeling to robust recognition. This framework provides a deployable and more generalized millimeter-wave point cloud solution for the identification of life forms in confined spaces.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s26051580","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T12:48:56Z","timestamp":1772542136000},"page":"1580","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mask-Aware Spatiotemporal Classification of Millimeter-Wave Radar Point Cloud Sequences Using DGCNN and Transformer for Child\u2013Pet Recognition in Enclosed Spaces"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5985-2841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yehui","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Institute of Quantum Sensing and Information Processing, School of Sensing Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianhong","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Institute of Quantum Sensing and Information Processing, School of Sensing Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24866","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3194873","article-title":"WiCPD: Wireless Child Presence Detection System for Smart Cars","volume":"9","author":"Zeng","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yanik, M.E., Dabak, A., Jovanovic, S., Mani, A., and Rao, S. 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