{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T06:38:19Z","timestamp":1772692699447,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Broadcast-based flooding in wireless ad hoc networks is subject to the broadcast storm problem, characterized by excessive transmissions, collisions, and link losses. While randomized network coding (RNC) enhances resilience against packet losses, efficient buffer management and adaptive transmission strategies are essential. This paper proposes novel buffering mechanisms and adaptive coding strategies to improve data unit reception rates in RNC-based broadcast flooding. Our buffering mechanism combines Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) and Least Recently Used (LRU) discard policies. When buffers are full, it prioritizes the discarding of stale, incomplete buffers based on elapsed time since the last coded block arrival, thereby overcoming First-In-First-Out (FIFO) limitations that prematurely discard buffers before sufficient coded blocks have accumulated. Our adaptive coding dynamically adjusts transmitted coded packets based on data unit duplication rates without inter-node coordination, reducing blocks during high duplication and increasing them under difficult reception conditions. Simulation experiments using OMNeT++ and INET framework for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks demonstrate that LIFO+LRU buffering significantly increases the received data units and prevents redundant reception, while adaptive coding further improves reception rates under challenging conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s26051594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T16:18:45Z","timestamp":1772554725000},"page":"1594","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Buffering and Adaptive Coding for Flooding with Randomized Network Coding on Multi-Hop Wireless Broadcasting"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0693-1039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youji","family":"Fukuta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Informatics, Cyber Informatics Research Institute, Kindai University, Higashiosaka-shi 577-8502, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8970-9408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshiaki","family":"Shiraishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe-shi 657-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6990-1456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masanori","family":"Hirotomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Saga-shi 840-8502, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4644-4550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masami","family":"Mohri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Informatics, Cyber Informatics Research Institute, Kindai University, Higashiosaka-shi 577-8502, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOM.1985.1096245","article-title":"On Broadcasting in Radio Networks","volume":"33","author":"Chlamtac","year":"1985","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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Available online: https:\/\/inet.omnetpp.org."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/26\/5\/1594\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T05:21:34Z","timestamp":1772688094000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/26\/5\/1594"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["s26051594"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s26051594","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]]}}}