{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T11:04:53Z","timestamp":1773054293048,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Healthy Brains, Healthy Lives"},{"name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Exeter Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) and Health Technology Research Centre"},{"name":"Royal University Hospital Foundation and the College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan"},{"name":"Tier 2 Canada Research Chair in Perioperative Nutrition"},{"name":"Mayo Clinic, Arizona"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Most falls occur while walking, making gait quality a logical therapeutic target. Many temporo-spatial variables have been implicated in increased fall risk, but these are dependent upon kinematic parameters of the joints involved in the gait cycle. The widespread availability of wearable sensors has made the acquisition of kinematic data feasible, and those related to the ankle are most relevant, as they relate most closely to causes of falls, trips, slips, and mis-steps. The purpose of this study is to estimate the extent to which measures of ankle angular velocity (AV) during walking are associated with falls. This is a comparative study of ankle AV metrics between people who have or have not experienced a fall in the past year. Data came from experimental use of the Heel2Toe\u2122 sensor in a variety of settings, including demonstrations and clinical research studies. The sample comprised 387 participants, of whom 68 (17.6%) self-reported falling in the past year. Logistic regression with a natural cubic spline with 3 degrees of freedom identified AV of the angle at heel strike to discriminate between fallers and non-fallers, and the regression parameters were used to propose an algorithm to estimate fall risk. Applying the algorithm to the existing data yielded a range of probabilities from 0.0480 to 0.7245 depending on age of the person assessed. Further testing of this algorithm in different samples is warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s26051716","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T08:58:45Z","timestamp":1773046725000},"page":"1716","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Discriminating Between Fallers and Non-Fallers Using Kinematic Data from the Heel2Toe\u2122 Wearable Sensor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2066-7120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nancy E.","family":"Mayo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada"},{"name":"Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute\u2014McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada"},{"name":"PhysioBiometrics Inc., Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Abou-Sharkh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PhysioBiometrics Inc., Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2933-5213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen","family":"Dawes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PhysioBiometrics Inc., Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4PY, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6973-0961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah J.","family":"Donkers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Rehabilitation Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chelsia","family":"Gillis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krista","family":"Goulding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Pheonix, AZ 85054, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PhysioBiometrics Inc., Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0027-846X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kedar","family":"Mate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PhysioBiometrics Inc., Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1205-165X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yosuke","family":"Tomita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki 370-0033, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Y., Hou, L., Zhao, H., Xie, R., Yi, Y., and Ding, X. 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