{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T10:54:08Z","timestamp":1792234448238,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":160,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The heart\u2019s electromagnetic field (HEMF) represents the strongest magnetic signal in the human body and has been increasingly associated with processes related to the Heart\u2013Brain Axis (HBA). The present review summarizes its biophysical basis along with current and emerging biosensing technologies. It examines hypotheses regarding interpersonal interactions and interactions with external fields, including geomagnetic activity, and reviews evidence linking the HEMF to autonomic activity and emotional states. It provides an overview of magnetic field-based therapeutics, introduced here as our own term \u201cBioMagnetoTherapies\u201d (BMT), underscoring their common objective of externally inducing, stabilizing or restoring coherence across the HBA. Collectively, it positions cardiac electromagnetic signals as both a measurable marker, key to HBA dynamics and related disorders, as well as a promising target for emerging biosensor- and BioMagneto-Therapeutics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s26051738","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T17:16:03Z","timestamp":1773076563000},"page":"1738","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Heart\u2019s Electromagnetic Field in Emotions, Empathy and Human Connection: Biosensor-Derived Insights into Heart\u2013Brain Axis Mechanisms and a Basis for Novel BioMagnetoTherapies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Andreas","family":"Palantzas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Athens School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 10679 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8934-670X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Anagnostouli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis and Demyelinating Diseases Unit, Center of Expertise for Rare Demyelinating and Autoinflammatory CNS Diseases, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, NKUA, Aeginition University Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/s42000-020-00197-8","article-title":"Psycho-neuro-endocrino-immunologic issues in multiple sclerosis: A critical review of clinical and therapeutic implications","volume":"19","author":"Anagnostouli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hormones"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palantzas, A., and Anagnostouli, M. 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