{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T07:49:10Z","timestamp":1773215350206,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"tech incubator program for startup","award":["RS2024-00437535"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS2024-00437535"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: In cancer surgery, resection of the primary tumor and regional lymph nodes (LNs) is critical. Adequate LN examination is essential to detect metastasis, which determines the cancer stage. Fluorescence emission allows for visual differentiation and rapid monitoring of LNs. Methods: Cancer tissue is stained with a fluorescent dye (indocyanine green, ICG) to identify LNs. Fluorescence is induced from the stained LNs using LED light, and a photosensor coupled with a speaker detects the fluorescence signal and triggers an audible alarm. Filters are applied to prevent false alarms. Results: Upon LN detection, an alarm is emitted from the speaker, and the results are recorded using the LED and a digital multimeter (DMM). In clinical trials, ICG is injected to induce LN fluorescence staining, followed by LED irradiation to induce the fluorescent wavelength and verify LN imaging. Discussion: In clinical trials, ICG stains both LNs and blood vessels, which may lead to false positives. To address this limitation, artificial intelligence algorithms can be trained to specifically identify LNs. Conclusions: Detection of fluorescence wavelengths via photosensors allows for rapid identification of LNs, confirmed through an audible alarm, thereby reducing surgical time. This method shows potential for broad application in cancer surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s26061745","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T09:55:38Z","timestamp":1773136538000},"page":"1745","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Novel Fluorescence-Triggered Auditory Feedback Photosensor for Precision Lymph Node Mapping"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Kicheol","family":"Yoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Oncology & Gachon Biomedical Convergence Institute, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Medical Devices R&D Center, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Pre-Medicine, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Gyeonggi University of Science and Technology, 269 Gyeonggigwagi-dearo, Siheung City 15073, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyunjun","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Devices R&D Center, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Pre-Medicine, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0249-5841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hari","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, 21, 774 beon-gil, Namdong-daero, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sangyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Science, Dongnam Health University, 50 Cheoncheon-ro 74 gil, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16328, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tae-Hyeon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Gyeonggi University of Science and Technology, 269 Gyeonggigwagi-dearo, Siheung City 15073, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Won-Suk","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, 21, 774 beon-gil, Namdong-daero, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Gachon University, #38-13, Dokjom-ro 3 bean-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9714-6038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kwang Gi","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Devices R&D Center, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, 38-13, 3 Dokjom-ro, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"KMAIN Co., Ltd., 621-622, 54 Chang-eop-ro, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13355, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-024-03404-7","article-title":"Prognostic and predictive value of examined lymph node count in stage III colorectal cancer: A population-based study","volume":"22","author":"Wei","year":"2024","journal-title":"World J. 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