{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T14:30:59Z","timestamp":1774967459334,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Cerebri GmbH"},{"name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg\n              https:\/\/ror.org\/00f7hpc57"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dry electroencephalography (EEG) electrodes enable rapid, gel-free setups, which are crucial for point-of-care diagnostics, but often face challenges with comfort and signal quality\u2014especially in a clinical context. Novel \u201cflower\u201d dry electrodes are a special type of reusable scalp electrodes for dry EEG, featuring a distinct flower-like shape with angled pins in three intertwined layers. While the new electrode design has been validated in an in vivo study on healthy volunteers, we tested its clinical applicability in a proof-of-concept study involving three patients diagnosed with epilepsy and delirium. The recordings were of high diagnostic quality, enabling the reliable identification of pathological patterns, such as generalized spike\u2013wave complexes and intermittent delta activity, with a signal-to-noise ratio comparable to prior reports for sponge-based EEG systems (limited case series). The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) proved to be sufficiently high for clinical diagnostic purposes, resulting in visually clear and interpretable EEG data that enabled effective assessment of patients\u2019 neurophysiological signals. Consequently, our findings demonstrate that the comfortable flower-electrode design is a viable and effective tool for epilepsy diagnostics, extended recording, and clinical neurophysiology. It represents a significant step towards patient-centered and gel-free EEG technology, specifically in point-of-care and emergency applications, without compromising the diagnostic quality of the recordings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s26072146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T13:23:17Z","timestamp":1774963397000},"page":"2146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comfortable Flower Electrodes for Dry EEG in Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology Diagnostics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3491-5974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Dimitrakopoulos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neural Dynamics and Magnetoencephalography, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Modelling and Simulation of Biomechanical Systems, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2039-5498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justus","family":"Marquetand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neural Dynamics and Magnetoencephalography, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Modelling and Simulation of Biomechanical Systems, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany"},{"name":"Cerebri GmbH, Neckargasse 7, 72070 Tuebingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7630-7880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joji","family":"Kuramatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, RoMed Clinic Rosenheim, Ellmaierstra\u00dfe 23, 83022 Rosenheim, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9196-0717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrique","family":"Fiedler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Technische Universit\u00e4t Ilmenau, Gustav-Kirchhoff-Str. 2, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9019-9081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cerebri GmbH, Neckargasse 7, 72070 Tuebingen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, RoMed Clinic Rosenheim, Ellmaierstra\u00dfe 23, 83022 Rosenheim, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2018.01.019","article-title":"Clinical utility of EEG in diagnosing and monitoring epilepsy in adults","volume":"129","author":"Tatum","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. 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