{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T13:15:43Z","timestamp":1775826943419,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to investigate how score status and playing position affect the most demanding passages (MDPs) in elite women\u2019s football. Data from ten matches from eighteen outfield players of the Turkish Women\u2019s National Team were collected during UEFA Nations League fixtures in the 2024\u20132025 seasons. Players were monitored using wearable GPS sensors, and all locomotor variables were segmented into one-minute windows to identify peak demands. The analysed variables included total distance (TD), high-speed running (HSR), sprint distance (SD), high-acceleration distance (HIAccD), high-deceleration distance (HIDecD), high metabolic power distance (HMPD), and player load (PL). Generalised Estimating Equations (GEE) were used to assess the effects of score status and playing position. Wingers (WG) showed the highest TD, HSR, and HMPD values, while centre backs covered less TD and HSR than WG. Full-backs and forwards (FW) also recorded lower TD, although FW exceeded WG in sprinting (p = 0.045, d values = 0.66 [moderate effect]). Score status influenced MDPs, with TD decreasing when the match was tied and further declining when the team was behind; similar reductions occurred in HSR, HIAccD, HIDecD, and HMPD. In conclusion, both score status and position significantly shaped peak locomotor and mechanical demands. These findings may inform individualised training, recovery programmes, and score-dependent tactical planning in elite women\u2019s football.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s26082349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T12:01:52Z","timestamp":1775822512000},"page":"2349","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sensor-Based Analysis of the Influence of Score Status and Playing Position on the Most Demanding Passages in Elite Women\u2019s Football"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2128-8483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baris","family":"Karakoc","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences, Halic University, Istanbul 34060, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3958-8908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alper","family":"Asci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences, Halic University, Istanbul 34060, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4211-0393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Chmura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Individual and Team Sports, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, St. I.J. Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1177\/17479541241248610","article-title":"Match-Play Running Demands in a Female Soccer Professional Club: From Academy to Professional Team","volume":"19","author":"Casamichana","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Sci. Coach."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1177\/17479541231189240","article-title":"Peak Physical Demands of Elite Women\u2019s Soccer: Assessing Playing Position and Post-Goal Locomotor Patterns","volume":"19","author":"Datson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Sci. Coach."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"71","article-title":"Analysis of FIFA 2023 Women\u2019s World Cup Match Performance According to Match Outcome and Phase of the Tournament","volume":"42","author":"Yousefian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biol. Sport"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2023-0405","article-title":"Monitoring Readiness to Train and Perform in Female Football: Current Evidence and Recommendations for Practitioners","volume":"19","author":"Beato","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13877","article-title":"Physical Performance and Loading for Six Playing Positions in Elite Female Football: Full-game, End-game, and Peak Periods","volume":"32","author":"Panduro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Scand. Med. Sci. Sports"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2024.129477","article-title":"Top-Class Women\u2019s Soccer Performance: Peak Demands and Distribution of the Match Activities Relative to Maximal Intensities during Official Matches","volume":"41","author":"Riboli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biol. Sport"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wei, X., Wang, N., Pu, R., Chmura, P., and Krustrup, P. (2025). How Did Match Running Performance Change after an Extra Time Match during FIFA 2022 World Cup and 2023 Women`s World Cup?. BMC Sports Sci. Med. Rehabil., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-025-01065-x"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Griffin, J., Newans, T., Horan, S., Keogh, J., Andreatta, M., and Minahan, C. (2021). Acceleration and High-Speed Running Profiles of Women\u2019s International and Domestic Football Matches. Front. Sports Act. Living, 3.","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2021.604605"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e318165fef6","article-title":"Match Activities of Elite Women Soccer Players at Different Performance Levels","volume":"22","author":"Mohr","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.2021.2004297","article-title":"Assessment of Peak Physical Demands in Elite Women Soccer Players: Can Contextual Variables Play a Role?","volume":"94","author":"Drust","year":"2023","journal-title":"Res. Q. Exerc. Sport"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2-2\u2013S2-8","DOI":"10.1123\/IJSPP.2016-0388","article-title":"Monitoring Training Loads: The Past, the Present, and the Future","volume":"12","author":"Foster","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1080\/24733938.2022.2117404","article-title":"Analysis of the Most Demanding Passages of Play in Elite Youth Soccer: A Comparison between Congested and Non-Congested Fixture Schedules","volume":"7","author":"Mateus","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Med. Footb."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2023.116450","article-title":"Monitoring Physical Match Performance Relative to Peak Locomotor Demands: Implications for Training Professional Soccer Players","volume":"40","author":"Riboli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol. Sport"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2022.107022","article-title":"Players\u2019 Performance during Worst-Case Scenarios in Professional Soccer Matches: A Systematic Review","volume":"39","author":"Oliveira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol. Sport"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2023.116006","article-title":"Positional and Temporal Differences in Peak Match Running Demands of Elite Football","volume":"40","author":"Thoseby","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol. Sport"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1080\/15438627.2021.1943390","article-title":"When Do Soccer Players Experience the Most Demanding Passages of Match Play? A Longitudinal Study in a Professional Team","volume":"31","author":"Fortes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Res. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2019.86005","article-title":"The Most Demanding Passages of Play in Football Competition: A Comparison between Halves","volume":"36","author":"Casamichana","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Sport"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"563","article-title":"Positional Differences in the Most Demanding Passages of Play in Football Competition","volume":"17","author":"Casamichana","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci. Med."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2024-0441","article-title":"Analysis of the Most Intense Periods during Elite Soccer Matches: Effect of Game Location and Playing Position","volume":"20","author":"Gualtieri","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1080\/15438627.2021.1937163","article-title":"Effect of Playing Position, Passage Duration and Starting Status on the Most Demanding Passages of Match Play in Professional Football","volume":"29","author":"Fortes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2019.83507","article-title":"Positional Demands for Various-Sided Games with Goalkeepers According to the Most Demanding Passages of Match Play in Football","volume":"36","author":"Castellano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Sport"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2020.97674","article-title":"The First, Second, and Third Most Demanding Passages of Play in Professional Soccer: A Longitudinal Study","volume":"38","author":"Fortes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol. Sport"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2020.98450","article-title":"Effect of Formation, Ball in Play and Ball Possession on Peak Demands in Elite Soccer","volume":"38","author":"Riboli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol. Sport"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mernagh, D., Weldon, A., Wass, J., Phillips, J., Parmar, N., Waldron, M., and Turner, A. (2021). A Comparison of Match Demands Using Ball-in-Play versus Whole Match Data in Professional Soccer Players of the English Championship. Sports, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/sports9060076"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002584","article-title":"Effect of Match Factors on the Running Performance of Elite Female Soccer Players","volume":"32","author":"Trewin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"555","article-title":"Validation of the New Technology Sensor Fusion K-50 Based on Data Integration Detected by GPS 50 Hz and Inertial Sensors","volume":"22","author":"Izzo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Phys. Educ. Sport"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"St\u00eencel, O.-R., Laz\u0103r, C., Nicoar\u0103, V., and Oravi\u021ban, M. (2021). Analysis of High-Speed Running and Sprint Running in Elite Female Football Competitions. Sport Soc.","DOI":"10.36836\/2021\/2\/34"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vantieghem-Nicolas, L., Morin, J.-B., Cotte, T., Sangnier, S., and Rossi, J. (2023). Concurrent Validity and Reliability of the Sprint Force\u2013Velocity Profile Assessed with K-AI Wearable Tech. Sensors, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/s23198189"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2020.01.002","article-title":"A Comparison of Rolling Averages versus Discrete Time Epochs for Assessing the Worst-Case Scenario Locomotor Demands of Professional Soccer Match-Play","volume":"23","author":"Fereday","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Sci. Med. Sport"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2021.99706","article-title":"Differences in Worst-Case Scenarios Calculated by Fixed Length and Rolling Average Methods in Professional Soccer Match-Play","volume":"38","author":"Fortes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol. Sport"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u010cau\u0161evi\u0107, D., Mustafovi\u0107, E., \u010covi\u0107, N., Abazovi\u0107, E., Savu, C.V., Toh\u0103nean, D.I., Antohe, B.A., and Alexe, C.I. (2025). Who Runs the Most? Positional Demands in a 4-3-3 Formation Among Elite Youth Footballers. Sensors, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/s25185825"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2800","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003785","article-title":"Relationship between the Session-RPE and External Measures of Training Load in Youth Soccer Training","volume":"34","author":"Marynowicz","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2023.119285","article-title":"Association between Internal Training Load and Muscle Injuries in Brazilian Professional Soccer Players","volume":"40","author":"Mohr","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol. Sport"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31818cb278","article-title":"Progressive Statistics for Studies in Sports Medicine and Exercise Science","volume":"41","author":"Hopkins","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2515","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13271","article-title":"Effects of Situational Variables on the Physical Activity Profiles of Elite Soccer Players in Different Score Line States","volume":"28","author":"Nevill","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scand. Med. Sci. Sports"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1080\/24748668.2012.11868598","article-title":"The Effect of Score-Line on Work-Rate in English FA Premier League Soccer","volume":"12","author":"Robinson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Perform. Anal. Sport"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/26\/8\/2349\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T12:04:12Z","timestamp":1775822652000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/26\/8\/2349"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["s26082349"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s26082349","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]}}}