{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T18:15:07Z","timestamp":1785348907506,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014385","name":"Kreitman School of Advanced Graduate Studies","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014385","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005005","name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abnormal gait associated with neuromuscular and musculoskeletal disorders represents a growing clinical burden, particularly in aging populations. This study presents a modular, low-cost Smart Rehabilitation Walker (SRW) that integrates multimodal sensing and real-time haptic feedback to enable simultaneous gait monitoring and corrective intervention in both clinical and home environments. The system combines force-sensing resistors for bilateral load symmetry assessment, inertial measurement units for fall detection, and surface electromyography (sEMG) for neuromuscular activity monitoring within a closed-loop assistive feedback architecture. A 15-day pilot study involving ten individuals with rheumatoid arthritis and clinically observed neurological gait abnormalities demonstrated measurable improvements in gait biomechanics. The Force Symmetry Index (FSI), calculated using the Robinson symmetry metric, decreased from an average of 0.9691 to 0.2019, corresponding to a 79.26% average reduction in inter-limb load asymmetry. Concurrently, sEMG measurements showed a substantial increase in neuromuscular activation (\u0394EMG = 4.28), with statistical analysis confirming a significant improvement across participants (paired t-test: t(9) = 13.58, p &lt; 0.001). To model rehabilitation trajectories, a nonlinear predictive framework based on Gaussian Process Regression achieved high predictive accuracy (R2 \u2248 0.9, with a mean RMSE of 0.0385), while providing uncertainty-aware trend estimation. Validation using an independent amyotrophic lateral sclerosis gait dataset further demonstrated the transferability of the analytical pipeline. These results highlight the potential of sensor-enabled assistive walkers as scalable platforms for quantitative gait rehabilitation, adaptive feedback, and long-term mobility monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s26082547","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T07:57:21Z","timestamp":1776758241000},"page":"2547","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Smart Sensor-Driven Gait Rehabilitation Walker Using Machine Learning for Predictive Home-Based Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1588-9562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gokul","family":"Manavalan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai 602105, India"},{"name":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuval","family":"Arnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School for International Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. N.","family":"Nithyaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai 602105, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8048-3089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shlomi","family":"Arnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2024.0124-1","article-title":"Age-Related Dysfunction in Balance: A Comprehensive Review of Causes, Consequences, and Interventions","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-016-1496-7","article-title":"A Method to Qualitatively Assess Arm Use in Stroke Survivors in the Home Environment","volume":"55","author":"Leuenberger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med. 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