{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:14:32Z","timestamp":1791994472682,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016318","name":"China Mobile Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016318","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In IIoT edge computing, multi-edge server collaborative scheduling faces two core issues due to random task arrivals, heterogeneous resources, and complex topology: traditional model-driven methods cannot make dynamic decisions in dynamic environments, and conventional MARL fails to characterize inter-node topological dependencies and load correlations. To address this, this paper investigates the joint optimization of task offloading, computing resource allocation, and SFC orchestration in IIoT, constructs a cloud-edge-end collaborative architecture, and models the problem as a POMDP to minimize the overall system cost under multiple constraints. A graph-guided value-decomposition MARL method is proposed, which extracts spatial topology and neighborhood-load features of edge nodes via a GNN and combines them with the QMIX framework to realize multi-agent centralized training and distributed execution. Simulations show that the algorithm converges stably under different server scales and task loads, significantly outperforms benchmark algorithms, and can suppress performance degradation in high-load scenarios, demonstrating its robustness and scalability in complex industrial environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s26082559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T11:42:45Z","timestamp":1776771765000},"page":"2559","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Joint Service Chain Orchestration and Computation Offloading via GNN-Based QMIX in Industrial IoT"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Xinzhi","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer and Network Security, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingxin","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Mobile Research Institute, Beijing 100053, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2023.3338015","article-title":"AI-empowered fog\/edge resource management for IoT applications: A comprehensive review, research challenges, and future perspectives","volume":"26","author":"Walia","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. 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