{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T15:08:56Z","timestamp":1785424136642,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Discovery Grant 2021-04267"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Discovery Grant 2021-04267"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["Discovery Grant 2021-04267"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Discovery Grant 2021-04267"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h531d29","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hypernasality is a common characteristic of several speech disorders and can significantly affect perceived speech intelligibility and quality. Nasometry quantifies nasalance by calculating the proportion of acoustic energy emitted from the nasal cavity relative to the combined nasal and oral acoustic output during speech production and is commonly used in clinical assessment and research. However, commercially available nasometers are costly and limited in portability, restricting their use in resource-limited or remote settings. The primary purpose of this study was to design and build a low-cost, open-source mobile nasometer prototype (\u201cmNasometer\u201d) by leveraging advances in 3D printing, off-the-shelf electronic components, and a custom open-source mobile application. A secondary aim was to compare the electroacoustic and subjective performance of mNasometer with that of a gold-standard commercial nasometer. Electroacoustic analyses focused on comparing long-term averaged spectra and the oral\/nasal acoustic isolation between the gold-standard commercial nasometer and the proposed mNasometer, which incorporates a 3D-printed nasal separation plate. In addition, nasalance scores were collected from ten healthy young adult participants using both systems during structured speech production tasks (i.e., reading standard passages or nasal sentences). Agreement between devices was evaluated using correlational analyses and comparative statistical procedures. Long-term averaged spectra exhibited similar profiles between the commercial nasometer and the mNasometer across different test stimuli, indicating comparable capture of stimulus energy distributions. Although the mNasometer demonstrated reduced oral\u2013nasal acoustic isolation relative to the commercial system, objective nasalance scores followed similar overall trends between devices, with statistically significant stimulus-dependent differences observed. Frame-wise correlational analyses revealed significant correlations between nasalance measures obtained from the commercial nasometer and the mNasometer across most of the speech production tasks, suggesting that the reduced isolation did not critically compromise measurement correspondence. In summary, the low-cost, open-source mNasometer prototype provides nasalance measurements that show promising agreement with those of a gold-standard commercial device. Its reduced cost and increased portability suggest potential for expanded research and field-based applications in the objective assessment of nasalance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s26092739","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T15:09:33Z","timestamp":1777388973000},"page":"2739","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development and Evaluation of a Low-Cost Open-Source Nasometer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8695-6238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada"},{"name":"National Centre for Audiology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8602-0974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessia","family":"Romani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9370-6798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9802-3056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua M.","family":"Pearce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada"},{"name":"Ivey Business School, Western University, London, ON N6G 0N1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4305-8347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vijay","family":"Parsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada"},{"name":"National Centre for Audiology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada"},{"name":"School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Kummer, A.W. 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