{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T11:02:56Z","timestamp":1785409376475,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["\u2116 23-79-10259 \u201cDevelopment of the acoustic theory for estimating the motion parameters of moving objects\u201d"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u2116 23-79-10259 \u201cDevelopment of the acoustic theory for estimating the motion parameters of moving objects\u201d"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["\u2116 23-79-10259 \u201cDevelopment of the acoustic theory for estimating the motion parameters of moving objects\u201d"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u2116 23-79-10259 \u201cDevelopment of the acoustic theory for estimating the motion parameters of moving objects\u201d"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03y2gwe85","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents a new type of ultrasonic gyroscopic sensor based on a solid-state standing-wave vibrator, which is promising for shock-resistant applications. A theoretical model of the proposed design, which is a layered structure, and the numerical simulation of its frequency response using the developed software are presented. A test sample of the novel sensing element was made and experimental studies of its frequency response were conducted. The results showed a high correlation between the resonant frequencies both for the real sample research and numerical modeling; thus, the validity of the theoretical model was confirmed. The laboratory investigation of the developed sensing element on a test bench under rotating conditions was carried out and a shift in the standing-wave amplitude proportional to the angular velocity of rotation was revealed; thus, an informative signal for this type of gyroscopic sensor was found. It is shown that the amplitude of the output signal of the new sensor on standing waves compares favorably with the signal levels reported for similar traveling-wave solutions in previous studies. The optimization strategies for the new sensor\u2019s design and operating mode to increase signal to noise ratio are also identified. Thus, the potential of using the developed solid-state standing-wave vibrator as a shock-resistant ultrasonic gyroscopic sensor is supported.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s26092798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T10:47:28Z","timestamp":1777546048000},"page":"2798","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A New Type of Ultrasonic Gyroscopic Sensor Based on a Solid-State Standing-Wave Vibrator: Towards Shock-Resistant Design"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Michail","family":"Shevelko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electroacoustics and Ultrasonic Technology, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrey","family":"Baranov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electroacoustics and Ultrasonic Technology, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9173-4445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Popkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electroacoustics and Ultrasonic Technology, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasemin","family":"Staroverova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electroacoustics and Ultrasonic Technology, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9525-8412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Kukaev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laser Measurement and Navigation Systems, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4047-7757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergey","family":"Shevchenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laser Measurement and Navigation Systems, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gill, W.A., Howard, I., Mazhar, I., and McKee, K. 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