{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T14:08:16Z","timestamp":1780927696891,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) is a fundamental methodology that underpins autonomous navigation in robotic systems. Conventional approaches perform well in static environments but rely on the assumption of environmental rigidity, which leads to significant accuracy degradation in dynamic environments. To address this challenge, this study presents RTS-SLAM, a real-time semantic visual SLAM system designed for dynamic environments. Based on the ORB-SLAM2 framework, a multi-layer, constraint-driven dynamic feature-rejection strategy is introduced. The proposed approach first removes dynamic features by combining semantic information with geometric constraints. Subsequently, residual dynamic points are eliminated via trajectory-consistency constraint analysis, thereby effectively improving localization accuracy. Furthermore, a dense mapping strategy featuring global sparsification and critical region refinement is proposed. By reducing redundancy in the dense point cloud, the method decreases memory usage while preserving important object geometries. Experimental evaluations on the TUM RGB-D and Bonn datasets indicate that RTS-SLAM reduces the average absolute trajectory error by more than 95% compared with ORB-SLAM2 in dynamic environments. Meanwhile, the system maintains real-time performance and achieves high localization accuracy in dynamic environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s26092846","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T01:12:09Z","timestamp":1777857129000},"page":"2846","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["RTS-SLAM: A Trajectory Consistency-Driven Multi-Constraint Dynamic Feature-Rejection Method for Visual SLAM in Dynamic Environments"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7921-3452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huailiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9708-2229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiming","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4193-107X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beicheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhao","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1421-5182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shibo","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1358-7846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enhui","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weimin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13829","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2023.3273913","article-title":"Neural network-based recent research developments in SLAM for autonomous ground vehicles: A review","volume":"23","author":"Saleem","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. 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