{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T18:44:06Z","timestamp":1785437046000,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62161049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62161049"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61763047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61763047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["62161049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62161049"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["61763047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61763047"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007847","name":"Jilin Province Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YDZJ202501ZYTS641"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YDZJ202501ZYTS641"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the rapid development of automotive intelligent driving technologies, the demand for real-time performance and bandwidth in in-vehicle bus networks is increasing day by day. When contrasted with conventional in-vehicle bus protocols like LIN and CAN, FlexRay delivers superior performance in bandwidth capacity, communication latency and data transmission speed. Such prominent strengths establish it as a core technical solution for modern automotive network systems. Targeting the flexible bandwidth characteristics of FlexRay bus systems, this work develops a novel heterogeneous message scheduling algorithm (DHSA) tailored for the dynamic segment of FlexRay. The DHSA enables flexible timeslot and priority configuration for event-triggered and low-priority messages, thereby improving the overall scheduling efficiency of FlexRay bus communication. This work adopts the CANoe.FlexRay simulation tool to construct a dedicated experimental platform and perform comparative simulations for the proposed algorithm. The experimental results show that the bandwidth utilization of the heterogeneous scheduling algorithm proposed in this paper reaches 96.6%, an increase of 13.4% compared to the Earliest Deadline First (EDF) algorithm; meanwhile, the fastest response time of the proposed algorithm is reduced by 50% compared to the EDF algorithm. This study effectively reduces message transmission latency and enhances system real-time performance and determinism, thereby further improving the communication efficiency of the in-vehicle FlexRay bus network.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s26103089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T16:26:37Z","timestamp":1778689597000},"page":"3089","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficient Scheduling of Heterogeneous Messages in the FlexRay Dynamic Segment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Mingkui","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7760-4195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siwen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haobo","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaihang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4130-644X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yinan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"16","article-title":"Secure and fault-tolerant automotive E\/E architectures: Enhancing CAN-FD, FlexRay, and TSN networks through intrusion detection and redundant processing","volume":"6","author":"Kapoor","year":"2024","journal-title":"Emerg. 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