{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:37:15Z","timestamp":1785429435789,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008137","name":"Ministry of Natural Resources Provincial Cooperation Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024ZRBSHZ099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZRBSHZ099"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008137","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["2024ZRBSHZ099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZRBSHZ099"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02kxqx159","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Yantai Science and Technology Innovation Development Plan Basic Research Project","award":["2024JCYJ074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024JCYJ074"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coral reefs are among the most important and vulnerable marine ecosystems worldwide. AI-powered underwater visual monitoring has become essential for effective reef conservation, yet current methods still face severe limitations: spectral ambiguity caused by underwater turbidity, fine-grained confusion in early coral health assessment, and discrete forecasting models that cannot represent continuous ecological degradation dynamics. To address these issues, we propose Spectral-YOLOv13, a dual-domain vision-Mamba sensing framework for high-precision coral health evaluation and continuous ecological forecasting. The framework incorporates three novel components: a Wavelet-Integrated Omni-Neck (WIO-Neck) to perform multi-scale spectral filtering and suppress turbidity-induced noise; a Contrastive Prototype Head (CP-Head) to enhance discriminability between visually similar health states; and a Bio-Mamba Predictor based on state-space models to capture long-term continuous health trajectories. Extensive experiments on the CR-Mix++ dataset demonstrate that Spectral-YOLOv13 achieves 53.8% mAP with strong robustness in turbid underwater environments. It reduces four-week forecasting error by 26.8% and maintains real-time inference speed at 112 FPS. This work provides a reliable and high-performance vision framework for practical underwater coral reef monitoring and proactive conservation management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s26103265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T12:06:07Z","timestamp":1779365167000},"page":"3265","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Spectral-YOLOv13: A Dual-Domain Vision-Mamba Sensing Framework for Fine-Grained Coral Health Assessment and Continuous Ecological Forecasting"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Litian","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mathematics and Informatics, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenkun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Software Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuoyue","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Software Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mathematics and Informatics, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minzhi","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mathematics and Informatics, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6379-9863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chunlei","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liankuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mathematics and Informatics, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1152509","article-title":"Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification","volume":"318","author":"Mumby","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpol.2017.05.014","article-title":"Mapping the global value and distribution of coral reef tourism","volume":"82","author":"Spalding","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mar. 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