{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:14:57Z","timestamp":1785428097085,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011789","name":"Jilin Province Science and Technology Department","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["20260102287JC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20260102287JC"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011789","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["20260102287JC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20260102287JC"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/049x38272","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We demonstrate a reconfigurable microwave frequency measurement (MFM) scheme based on the period-one (P1) dynamics of an optically injected semiconductor laser. Unlike conventional architectures relying on electrical frequency-sweeping, our approach utilizes the P1 oscillation to generate a wideband linear optical chirp. A spectral gating mechanism is introduced, where an optical bandpass filter creates a negative temporal marker by rejecting free-running component of distributed feedback laser (DFB), thereby eliminating the need for external synchronization or pilot tones. The measurement range is flexibly tunable by adjusting the injection parameters, enabling a measurement range from 10 to 48 GHz. Experimental results demonstrate a frequency resolution of 50 MHz with chirp rate of 1 GHz\/\u03bcs and a root-mean-square (RMS) error below 15 MHz, confirming the validity of this all-optical, self-referenced frequency-to-time mapping technique.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s26113403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T08:00:36Z","timestamp":1779955236000},"page":"3403","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Self-Referenced and Wide-Range Tunable Microwave Frequency Measurement Using Period-One Oscillation and Spectral Gating"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Zhangyi","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, JLU Region, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5887-2345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zuoheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, JLU Region, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, JLU Region, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-rsn.2011.0177","article-title":"Fifty years of instantaneous frequency measurement","volume":"6","author":"East","year":"2012","journal-title":"IET Radar Sonar Navig."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1109\/22.989948","article-title":"Electronic warfare systems","volume":"50","author":"Spezio","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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