{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T18:06:40Z","timestamp":1780337200390,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Recovery and Resilience Plan","award":["PNC E3-2022-23683267"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNC E3-2022-23683267"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Nine-Hole Peg Test (9-HPT) is widely used in clinical settings but typically relies on the assessor\u2019s expertise to record execution time. Here, we propose a novel sensorized 9-HPT capable of automatically measuring total execution time and, importantly, extracting a set of newly defined temporal parameters that enable a more detailed and objective characterization of task performance. We first demonstrated concurrent validity between the sensorized 9-HPT and stopwatch-based measurements recorded by an assessor (\u03c1 always &gt; 0.98; p &lt; 0.001) in healthy participants. Agreement between methods was further supported by the Bland\u2013Altman analysis, showing negligible bias and narrow limits of agreement. A linear mixed-effects model confirmed no systematic differences between methods but showed significant differences between dominant and non-dominant hands. Test\u2013retest reliability of total completion time, assessed across two sessions, was good for both the dominant (ICC = 0.81) and non-dominant (ICC = 0.74) hands. The newly introduced temporal parameters also showed significant reliability (ICC = 0.73\u20130.78), particularly for the dominant hand. Overall, these findings support the reliability of the sensorized 9-HPT for standard outcome measures and highlight its added value in providing novel temporal metrics that more precisely capture the different phases of task execution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s26113497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T17:11:01Z","timestamp":1780333861000},"page":"3497","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Automated Assessment of Manual Dexterity Using a Sensorized Nine-Hole Peg Test Board: Reproducibility and Innovative Quantitative Metrics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Monica","family":"Biggio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5114-9276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erica","family":"Grange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"neuroBRITE Research Center, Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation, 16149 Genoa, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genoa, 16145 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Di Antonio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"neuroBRITE Research Center, Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation, 16149 Genoa, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludovico","family":"Pedull\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"neuroBRITE Research Center, Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation, 16149 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9327-9148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Podda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"neuroBRITE Research Center, Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation, 16149 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Denei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ermit s.r.l., 16152 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4584-5149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Costanza","family":"Iester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2026-3572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giampaolo","family":"Brichetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"neuroBRITE Research Center, Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation, 16149 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Bove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Metropolitana (AOM), 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8186-2566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Bonzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Metropolitana (AOM), 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kreutzer Jeffrey, S., DeLuca, J., and Caplan, B. 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