{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T10:49:11Z","timestamp":1785408551769,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]],"date-time":"2026-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union-NextGeneration EU","award":["CUP D82B23003070001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP D82B23003070001"]}]},{"award":["CUP D82B23003070001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP D82B23003070001"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/019w4f821","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Robotic assistive devices, such as exoskeletons, are increasingly employed in walking rehabilitation. Therefore, the measurement of both movement kinematics and cognitive workload is important to understand this human\u2013robot interaction in real-world contexts. To address this need this study presents the validation of a framework integrating inertial motion capture (Xsens) and eye-tracking sensor (Pupil Neon) within a Mixed Reality (Meta Quest 3) architecture. We developed an overground dual-task paradigm in which holographic numbers appear in the user\u2019s peripheral vision. This setup actively stimulates visuospatial attention while quantifying kinematic and cognitive output. To validate the framework, the protocol has been tested on 30 healthy subjects across repeated exoskeleton training sessions. Statistical analyses revealed that the Coefficient of Multiple Correlation (CMC) and Spectral Arc Length (SPARC), calculated on the shank angular velocity, together with the Step Length Variability, exhibited significant time effects (p &lt; 0.01), mapping the transition toward automated gait. Concurrently, pupillometric data demonstrated a measurable reduction in neurocognitive demand; specifically, the Task-Evoked Pupillary Response (TEPR) decreased significantly across progressive training sessions (p &lt; 0.05). With this work, we validated a measurement protocol that aims to provide a novel methodology for objectively evaluating motor and cognitive adaptation in wearable assistive devices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s26123635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T05:43:46Z","timestamp":1780897426000},"page":"3635","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Measurement of Cognitive and Kinematic Adaptation in Exoskeleton-Assisted Locomotion: Validation of an XR-Based Framework"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8346-5912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Abeni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3430-6759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilia","family":"Scalona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale per l\u2019Assicurazione contro gli Infortuni sul Lavoro (INAIL) Prosthetic Centre, Vigorso di Budrio, 40054 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8767-3395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"Torricelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioRobotics Group, Centre for Automation and Robotics (CAR), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC), 28500 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2301-876X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Lancini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729881417743554","DOI":"10.1177\/1729881417743554","article-title":"Lower-limb exoskeletons: Research trends and regulatory guidelines in medical and non-medical applications","volume":"14","author":"Rupal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. 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