{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T14:07:02Z","timestamp":1785420422353,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Secretar\u00eda de Ciencia Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n","award":["SECTEI\/081\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SECTEI\/081\/2024"]}]},{"award":["SECTEI\/081\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SECTEI\/081\/2024"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02ge9fk48","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Secretar\u00eda de Investigaci\u00f3n y Posgrado del IPN","award":["SIP20260076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SIP20260076"]}]},{"name":"Secretar\u00eda de Investigaci\u00f3n y Posgrado del IPN","award":["SIP20260047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SIP20260047"]}]},{"name":"Secretar\u00eda de Investigaci\u00f3n y Posgrado del IPN","award":["SIP20261041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SIP20261041"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work presents a pilot study to analyze the effect of aging on motor performance of young adults (YAs) and older adults (OAs) through wrist movement assessment, using an upper limb rehabilitation robot (ULRR) in passive mode coupled to a maze-solving task serious video game. The proposed approach considers the use of kinematic metrics, such as ROM, path accuracy, and movement smoothness, as quantitative biomarkers that evidence differences between YAs and OAs. An experimental protocol was conducted with 20 participants: 10 OAs and 10 YAs. Standardized wrist movements corresponding to flexion (F), extension (E), radial deviation (R), and ulnar deviation (U) were assessed at each level of the maze. The kinematic analysis was based on metrics for range of motion (ROM), path accuracy, smoothness, and root-mean-square error (RMSE) in trajectory tracking. The results revealed clear differences between the groups: the YAs achieved a greater ROM and made fewer errors on mean (2.167 errors for YAs compared to 6.000 errors for OAs), and showed a lower RMSE, while the OAs showed greater smoothness in their movements, because the YAs exhibit greater variability and disturbances in movement when correcting and controlling their movements to achieve good performance, reflecting more precise motor control and a greater capacity for error correction during movements with trajectory constraints.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s26123658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T16:25:16Z","timestamp":1780935916000},"page":"3658","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Older Adult Movement Assessment Through Rehabilitation Software for Upper Limb Exoskeleton"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9428-2314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angel","family":"Camacho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Innovaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico en C\u00f3mputo (CIDETEC), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 07700, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9775-7776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Celis-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Quintana Roo, Canc\u00fan 77500, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9256-2807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hellen","family":"Rivero-Pineda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Innovaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico en C\u00f3mputo (CIDETEC), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 07700, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2879-4474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana","family":"Ballesteros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Innovaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico en C\u00f3mputo (CIDETEC), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 07700, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2066-7470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Cruz-Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Robotics and Biosignals Lab, Unidad Profesional Interdisiciplinaria de Biotecnolog\u00eda (UPIBI), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 07340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.30574\/ijsra.2024.11.1.0067","article-title":"Demographic shifts and healthcare: A review of aging populations and systemic challenges","volume":"11","author":"Muonde","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. 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