{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T05:51:09Z","timestamp":1781848269898,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2023YFC3205803"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC3205803"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010041","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25JCQNJC00640"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25JCQNJC00640"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010041","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity Independent Research Project","award":["SKLPBS2425"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKLPBS2425"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antigen detection provides rapid and convenient diagnosis of respiratory infections. This study develops an innovative dual-fluorescence aptasensing method based on polydopamine-functionalized MXene (PDA-MXene) for the simultaneous detection of spike protein and hemagglutinin protein. The method employs green- and red-emitting quantum dot (QD) probes as fluorescence reporters, and the PDA-MXene as an effective adsorption and separation substrate. Coupled with a centrifugation-assisted separation strategy, this design method reduces background interference and enhances detection reliability. The method demonstrates good analytical performance, with detection limits of 0.82 ng\/mL for spike protein and 2.11 ng\/mL for hemagglutinin protein in single-channel mode. The dual-channel mode enables reliable and simultaneous quantification of both target proteins with minimal spectral cross-talk. Furthermore, this method exhibits high specificity against interferents including ions, proteins, and toxins. Artificial saliva, chosen as real sample, is spiked with target proteins to investigate the practical applicability of the method, showing recovery rates for both target proteins between 100 and 114 sensing strategy is simple to operate and allows the detection of new targets by simply replacing the azide-modified aptamer lyophilized powder. It therefore holds promising application for the simultaneous detection of multiple proteins in point-of-care testing and health monitoring fields.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s26123856","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T15:11:22Z","timestamp":1781709082000},"page":"3856","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Quantum Dot-Based Dual-Fluorescence Aptasensing Platform Using Interface-Engineered MXene for Multiplex Protein Detection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Qichen","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010059, China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Military Medical Sciences Academy, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin 300050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010059, China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Military Medical Sciences Academy, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin 300050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingzhu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Military Medical Sciences Academy, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin 300050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Military Medical Sciences Academy, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin 300050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingran","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Military Medical Sciences Academy, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin 300050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Military Medical Sciences Academy, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin 300050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixue","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Military Medical Sciences Academy, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin 300050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Military Medical Sciences Academy, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin 300050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Military Medical Sciences Academy, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin 300050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Military Medical Sciences Academy, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin 300050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jialei","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Military Medical Sciences Academy, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin 300050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010059, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zunquan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Military Medical Sciences Academy, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin 300050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07575-x","article-title":"Human SARS-CoV-2 challenge uncovers local and systemic response dynamics","volume":"631","author":"Lindeboom","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaf026","article-title":"Ongoing Symptoms After Acute SARS-CoV-2 or Influenza Infection in a Case-Ascertained Household Transmission Study: 7 US Sites, 2021\u20132023","volume":"80","author":"Bullock","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. 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