{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T21:26:22Z","timestamp":1789507582491,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009546","name":"Youth Research Special Project of NCUT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025NCUTYRSP029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025NCUTYRSP029"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009546","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As the pace of modern life continues to accelerate, the pressure participants face is growing, and mental health issues are becoming increasingly prominent. Against this backdrop, meditation, as a proven method for stress relief and relaxation, has garnered widespread attention. However, many people face challenges during meditation, such as difficulty entering a meditative state quickly or achieving sub-optimal outcomes. This is particularly true for beginners, who often struggle to accurately gauge the rhythm of meditation and thus fail to fully harness its regulatory effects on both body and mind. To address these issues, this study proposes a handheld meditation device. By making contact with the body via sensors, the device can measure multiple physiological metrics in real time, including skin conductance, electromyography, and heart rate. Based on these measurements, the device can monitor the user\u2019s emotional fluctuations in real time. When emotional changes are detected, it uses the data to play music, release specific scents, or adjust lighting ambiance, thereby dynamically regulating the user\u2019s psychological state. This helps users better immerse themselves in a meditative state and effectively enhances the benefits of meditation. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the device\u2019s design principles, detailing its hardware components\u2014including various sensors and emotional regulation modules\u2014and explaining the operational logic of its software algorithms. The effectiveness and reliability of the device were verified through rigorous experiments. The study also thoroughly examines the application prospects and potential value of this handheld meditation device, exploring new approaches and methods for the development of meditation technology and related equipment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s26134135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T08:19:02Z","timestamp":1782893942000},"page":"4135","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Haptic Meditation Enhancement Device (HMED): An Arduino-Based Multi-Sensor Real-Time Monitoring and Intervention Support System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3682-148X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuan-Wen","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Spatial Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory, School of Architecture and Art, North China University of Technology, Jinyuanzhuang Road 5, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100144, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spatial Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory, School of Architecture and Art, North China University of Technology, Jinyuanzhuang Road 5, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100144, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Fan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spatial Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory, School of Architecture and Art, North China University of Technology, Jinyuanzhuang Road 5, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100144, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spatial Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory, School of Architecture and Art, North China University of Technology, Jinyuanzhuang Road 5, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100144, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin-Yang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spatial Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory, School of Architecture and Art, North China University of Technology, Jinyuanzhuang Road 5, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100144, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-Hui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spatial Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory, School of Architecture and Art, North China University of Technology, Jinyuanzhuang Road 5, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100144, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Run","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spatial Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory, School of Architecture and Art, North China University of Technology, Jinyuanzhuang Road 5, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100144, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abudusalamu","family":"Nuermaimaiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spatial Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory, School of Architecture and Art, North China University of Technology, Jinyuanzhuang Road 5, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100144, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhan-Yi","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spatial Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory, School of Architecture and Art, North China University of Technology, Jinyuanzhuang Road 5, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100144, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spatial Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory, School of Architecture and Art, North China University of Technology, Jinyuanzhuang Road 5, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100144, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Historical Building Protection Engineering Technology Research Center, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Breedvelt, J.J.F., Amanvermez, Y., Harrer, M., Karyotaki, E., Gilbody, S., Bockting, C.L.H., Cuijpers, P., and Ebert, D.D. (2019). The Effects of Meditation, Yoga, and Mindfulness on Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Tertiary Education Students: A Meta-Analysis. Front. Psychiatry, 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00193"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2017.08.004","article-title":"Mindfulness Mediates the Physiological Markers of Stress: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"95","author":"Pascoe","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.4103\/jras.jras_249_23","article-title":"Physiological Effects of Meditation (Dhyana): A Short Review of Study Results from the Past 5 Years","volume":"8","author":"Jayswal","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Res. Ayurvedic Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2010.03.014","article-title":"Mindfulness Meditation Improves Cognition: Evidence of Brief Mental Training","volume":"19","author":"Zeidan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Conscious. Cogn."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.4103\/ym.ym_48_22","article-title":"Meditation and Its Practice in Vedic Scriptures and Early Taoism Scriptures","volume":"54","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Yoga Mimamsa"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2009.03.010","article-title":"Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for Chronic Pain Conditions: Variation in Treatment Outcomes and Role of Home Meditation Practice","volume":"68","author":"Rosenzweig","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86220","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3413136","article-title":"STT-Net: Simplified Temporal Transformer for Emotion Recognition","volume":"12","author":"Khan","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan, M., Saeed, M., El Saddik, A., and Gueaieb, W. (2023, January 19\u201321). ARTriViT: Automatic Face Recognition System Using ViT-Based Siamese Neural Networks with a Triplet Loss. Proceedings of the 2023 IEEE 32nd International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE), Helsinki, Finland.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISIE51358.2023.10228106"},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Kwon, S. (2021). Speech Emotion Recognition Based on Deep Networks: A Review. Annual Conference of KIPS, Korea Information Processing Society."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2025.113197","article-title":"Mindfulness Meditation Alters Alpha Amplitude without Affecting Arousal","volume":"214","author":"Duda","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychophysiol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2025.109133","article-title":"Electrophysiological Correlates of Zen Meditation: An Investigation Using in-Monastery EEG Acquisition","volume":"201","author":"Kurek","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biol. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e94","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2024.39.e94","article-title":"Modest Effects of Neurofeedback-Assisted Meditation Using a Wearable Device on Stress Reduction: A Randomized, Double-Blind, and Controlled Study","volume":"39","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Korean Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.teln.2025.07.016","article-title":"Investigating the Effects of Meditation Technologies on Nursing Student Stress and Anxiety: Results of a Pilot Feasibility Study","volume":"21","author":"Lawrynuik","year":"2026","journal-title":"Teach. Learn. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2025.108456","article-title":"Optimizing EEG Feature Selection for Meditation Classification Using Sea Lion Optimization and Deep Learning","volume":"112","author":"Usgaonkar","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biomed. Signal Process. Control"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121265","article-title":"Meditation in the Third-Person Perspective Modulates Minimal Self and Heartbeat-Evoked Potentials","volume":"314","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2025.108758","article-title":"Impact of Virtual Reality and Video Backgrounds on Mental Health in Digital Meditation","volume":"172","author":"Shin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2025.103528","article-title":"Mindful Touch: Mid-Air Haptics Facilitates Novices\u2019 Subjective Experiences of Audio-Guided Mindfulness Meditation","volume":"201","author":"Cho","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Stud."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2025.100949","article-title":"A User-Centered Design Approach for Crafting Personalized Guided Meditation","volume":"54","author":"Collaud","year":"2025","journal-title":"Entertain. Comput."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rineng.2025.106481","article-title":"Unsupervised Profiling of Meditation-Induced Autonomic Responses Using Electrodermal and Heart Rate Variability Features","volume":"27","author":"Bahrova","year":"2025","journal-title":"Results Eng."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105862","article-title":"Neuromodulation and Meditation: A Review and Synthesis toward Promoting Well-Being and Understanding Consciousness and Brain","volume":"166","author":"Potash","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2025.100474","article-title":"Shedding Light on Changes in Subjective Experience during an Intensive Contemplative Retreat: The Lyon Assessment of Meditation Phenomenology Questionnaire","volume":"5","author":"Abdoun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry Glob. Open Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2025.103901","article-title":"Meditation and Psychedelics Facilitate Similar Types of Mystical, Psychological, and Philosophical-Existential Insights Predictive of Wellbeing: A Qualitative-Quantitative Approach","volume":"133","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Conscious. Cogn."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shang, B., Duan, F., Fu, R., Gao, J., Sik, H., Meng, X., and Chang, C. (2023). EEG-Based Investigation of Effects of Mindfulness Meditation Training on State and Trait by Deep Learning and Traditional Machine Learning. Front. Hum. Neurosci., 17.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2023.1033420"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qi, L., Wang, G.-L., Tian, Z.-H., Guan, S., Yang, S.-Y., Yang, Y.-L., Liu, L.-Q., and Lin, Y.-Z. (2023). Prefrontal Cortical Hemodynamics and Functional Network Organization during Tai Chi Standing Meditation: An fNIRS Study. Front. Hum. Neurosci., 17.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2023.1294312"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2023.102477","article-title":"Brief Mindfulness Meditation Intervention Improves Attentional Control of Athletes in Virtual Reality Shooting Competition: Evidence from fNIRS and Eye Tracking","volume":"69","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychol. Sport Exerc."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e71741","DOI":"10.2196\/71741","article-title":"Effectiveness of Neurofeedback-Assisted and Conventional 6-Week Web-Based Mindfulness Interventions on Mental Health of Chinese Nursing Students: Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"27","author":"Jing","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103245","article-title":"Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Blood Pressure and Quality of Life in Patients with Intradialytic Hypertension during Haemodialysis: A Randomised Controlled Trial","volume":"94","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Complement. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deng, J., and Xu, F. (2026). Effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Sleep Quality and Academic Stress of Chinese Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front. Psychol., 17.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1734353"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1177\/2472630319891128","article-title":"Wearable Sensors for Monitoring Human Motion: A Review on Mechanisms, Materials, and Challenges","volume":"25","author":"Homayounfar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Lab. Autom."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2024.116074","article-title":"Developing an Intelligent IoT-Enabled Wearable Multimodal Biosensing Device and Cloud-Based Digital Dashboard for Real-Time and Comprehensive Health, Physiological, Emotional, and Cognitive Monitoring Using Multi-Sensor Fusion Technologies","volume":"381","author":"Assaad","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators Phys."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2022.104247","article-title":"29-NABNet: A Nested Attention-Guided BiConvLSTM Network for a Robust Prediction of Blood Pressure Components from Reconstructed Arterial Blood Pressure Waveforms Using PPG and ECG Signals","volume":"79","author":"Mahmud","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. Signal Process. Control"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2025.106356","article-title":"Deep Learning-Based Fatigue Monitoring of Construction Workers Using Physiological Signals","volume":"177","author":"Umer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2025.102059","article-title":"Cardiovascular Sciences Research Consortium Think Tank","volume":"4","author":"Pundi","year":"2025","journal-title":"JACC Adv."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2025.121407","article-title":"Ultrasensitive and Durable CCA\/TPU Nanofiber Membrane Pressure Sensors for Multifunctional Applications: From Physiological Monitoring to Impact Protection","volume":"233","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2025.116823","article-title":"An Ultra-Compliant P(VDF-TrFE) Fiber-Based Muscle Patch Sensor for a New Wearable Application: Monitoring Muscle Activities and Fatigue through the Peripheral Length of a Muscle\u2019s Physiological Cross-Sectional Area","volume":"393","author":"Hsu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators Phys."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2025.117796","article-title":"A Multi-Cascade Deep Learning Method for Physiological Micro-Vibration Signal Enhancement: A Case for OSA Monitoring","volume":"253","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2025.108790","article-title":"Dual-Task Physiological Learning for Radar-Based Continuous Blood Pressure Monitoring: Classification-Regularized Regression","volume":"112","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biomed. Signal Process. Control"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ish.2024.12.006","article-title":"Wearable Physiological Monitoring of Physical Exercise and Mental Health: A Systematic Review","volume":"1","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Intell. Sports Health"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105706","article-title":"Integration of Wearable Technologies in Monitoring Physical Performance and Psychological Stress in Tennis Players","volume":"260","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Psychol. (Amst.)"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1177\/17540739211073084","article-title":"Autonomic Nervous System Activity during Positive Emotions: A Meta-Analytic Review","volume":"14","author":"Behnke","year":"2022","journal-title":"Emot. Rev."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.15507","article-title":"Sensory Stimulation via the Visual, Auditory, Olfactory and Gustatory Systems Can Modulate Mood and Depression","volume":"55","author":"Canbeyli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u0130\u015fcan Yapar, M., \u00c7elik, N., \u015eent\u00fcrk, M., \u00c7ebi Aky\u00fcz, T., Da\u015fhan, M., and K\u0131z\u0131ltun\u00e7, A. (2026). Effect of Music-Based Interventions on Dental Anxiety during Restorative Dental Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J. Clin. Med., 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15031256"},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"(2026, May 31). High Blood Pressure Inhibits Cardiovascular Responsiveness to Expressive Classical Music | Scientific Reports. Available online: https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-025-94341-2."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2402519","DOI":"10.1080\/10253890.2024.2402519","article-title":"The Effect of Exposure to Natural Sounds on Stress Reduction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"27","author":"Fan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Stress"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bi, J.-R., Zha, H.-W., Gao, Q.-L., Wu, H., Liu, Z.-J., and Sun, D. (2024). Pleasant Odor Decreases Mouse Anxiety-like Behaviors by Regulating Hippocampal Endocannabinoid Signaling. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms251910699"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14351","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-93523-y","article-title":"Effects of Illuminance and Correlated Color Temperature of Indoor Light on Emotion Perception","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jalali, M.S., Gibbons, R.B., and Jones, J.R. (2025). Psychology or Physiology? Choosing the Right Color for Interior Spaces to Support Occupants\u2019 Healthy Circadian Rhythm at Night. Buildings, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings15152665"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, B., Zhou, Y., Ren, Q., Peng, L., Guan, Y., and He, H. (2025). Research on the Impact of Lighting Illuminance and Color on Creative Performance and Mood. Buildings, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings15101738"},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Tazarv, A., Labbaf, S., Reich, S.M., Dutt, N., Rahmani, A.M., and Levorato, M. (2021, January 1\u20135). Personalized Stress Monitoring Using Wearable Sensors in Everyday Settings. Proceedings of the 2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC), Guadalajara, Mexico."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1080\/21520704.2018.1496210","article-title":"A Multi-Modal Biofeedback Protocol to Demonstrate Physiological Manifestations of Psychological Stress and Introduce Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback Stress Management","volume":"9","author":"Gross","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Sport Psychol. Action"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/26\/13\/4135\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T08:29:28Z","timestamp":1782894568000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/26\/13\/4135"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["s26134135"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s26134135","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]}}}