{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:57:23Z","timestamp":1785430643651,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFC3805402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC3805402"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Guangdong Province Basic and Applied Basic Research Fund","award":["2026A1515011812"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026A1515011812"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52278027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52278027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["52278027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52278027"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012515","name":"Cyrus Tang Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01001650051022009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01001650051022009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012515","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As accessibility development in public buildings has gradually shifted from facility compliance toward experience- and performance-oriented evaluation, the quantitative assessment of indoor mobility experiences among blind users still lacks a systematic sensor-supported analytical framework. To address this gap, this study proposes an indoor accessibility assessment approach that integrates multi-sensor data acquisition with explainable machine learning, using a tactile museum as the experimental setting. Sixty-four participants with first-level blindness were recruited to complete a real-world directed walking task. A multimodal database was constructed by integrating objective data collected from an ultra-wideband (UWB) indoor positioning system, an intelligent gait analysis system, and video-based behavioral recording, including spatiotemporal trajectories, gait characteristics, and behavioral events, together with post-task accessibility satisfaction ratings. Based on this dataset, a random forest model was developed using the Overall Accessibility Satisfaction Score (OAS) as the response variable. SHAP, partial dependence analysis, and GAM smoothing were further applied to interpret the associations between key variables and predicted satisfaction. The results showed that walking distance, number of turns, self-reported collision perception, and selected gait indicators made relatively high contributions to the model interpretation, and these variables exhibited certain nonlinear associations with predicted satisfaction. These findings suggest that combining multi-source sensor-based behavioral measurement with explainable machine learning has potential for sensor-supported post-occupancy evaluation of indoor accessibility environments and can provide exploratory references for the quantitative assessment and optimization of accessibility in public buildings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s26134198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T15:52:24Z","timestamp":1783007544000},"page":"4198","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An Indoor Accessibility Assessment Framework Based on Multimodal Sensing and Explainable Machine Learning: A Case Study of a Tactile Museum for People with Visual Impairments"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Yiqi","family":"Tao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building and Urban Science, Center for Human-Oriented Environment and Sustainable Design, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiheng","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building and Urban Science, Center for Human-Oriented Environment and Sustainable Design, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building and Urban Science, Center for Human-Oriented Environment and Sustainable Design, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2151-3977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhaohui","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building and Urban Science, Center for Human-Oriented Environment and Sustainable Design, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yejin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building and Urban Science, Center for Human-Oriented Environment and Sustainable Design, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6810-6729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yijia","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building and Urban Science, Center for Human-Oriented Environment and Sustainable Design, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building and Urban Science, Center for Human-Oriented Environment and Sustainable Design, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building and Urban Science, Center for Human-Oriented Environment and Sustainable Design, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2026, January 27). World Report on Vision. World Health Organization 2019. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications-detail-redirect\/world-report-on-vision."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.36868\/IJCS.2023.03.15","article-title":"Friendly city. Making architectural heritage accessible","volume":"14","author":"Krejtz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Conserv. Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e682","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30254-1","article-title":"Prevalence and causes of vision loss in China from 1990 to 2019: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"5","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"(2012). Code for Accessibility Design (Standard No. GB 50763\u20142012)."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"(2015). Code for Design of Library Buildings (Standard No. JGJ 38\u20142015)."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"(2018). Service Specification for Libraries for Persons with Visual Impairments (Standard No. GB\/T 36719\u20142018)."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"(2021). Shenzhen Accessibility Design Standard (Standard No. SJG 103\u20142021)."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"(2023). Accessibility Design Standard for Public Buildings in Zhejiang Province (Standard No. DBJ33\/T 1298\u20142023)."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"(2019). Ergonomics of Human-System Interaction\u2014Part 210: Human-Centred Design for Interactive Systems (Standard No. ISO 9241-210:2019)."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ortiz-Escobar, L.M., Chavarria, M.A., Sch\u00f6nenberger, K., Hurst, S., Stein, M.A., Mugeere, A., and Rivas Velarde, M. (2023). Assessing the implementation of user-centred design standards on assistive technology for persons with visual impairments: A systematic review. Front. Rehabil. Sci., 4.","DOI":"10.3389\/fresc.2023.1238158"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3399679","article-title":"Design guidelines for an interactive 3D model as a supporting tool for exploring a cultural site by visually impaired and sighted people","volume":"13","author":"Leporini","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Access. Comput."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, Y., Bennett, C.L., Benko, H., Cutrell, E., Holz, C., Morris, M.R., and Sinclair, M. (2018, January 21\u201326). Enabling people with visual impairments to navigate virtual reality with a haptic and auditory cane simulation. Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Montreal, QC, Canada.","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3173690"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8236","DOI":"10.3390\/s120608236","article-title":"An indoor navigation system for the visually impaired","volume":"12","author":"Guerrero","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2568","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2019.2911558","article-title":"A survey of indoor localization systems and technologies","volume":"21","author":"Zafari","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leitch, S.G., Ahmed, Q.Z., Abbas, W.B., Hafeez, M., Lazaridis, P.I., Sureephong, P., and Alade, T. (2023). On indoor localization using WiFi, BLE, UWB, and IMU technologies. Sensors, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/s23208598"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2010.07.018","article-title":"Low vision affects dynamic stability of gait","volume":"32","author":"Hallemans","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01436","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1436","article-title":"Postural stability in people with visual impairment","volume":"9","author":"Alghadir","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Behav."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.4103\/ojo.ojo_24_23","article-title":"The spatiotemporal gait parameters among people with visual impairment: A literature review study","volume":"16","author":"Kahaki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oman J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reyes Leiva, K.M., Gato, M.\u00c1.C., and Olmedo, J.J.S. (2023). Estimation of spatio-temporal parameters of gait and posture of visually impaired people using wearable sensors. Sensors, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/s23125564"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prisco, G., Pirozzi, M.A., Santone, A., Esposito, F., Cesarelli, M., Amato, F., and Donisi, L. (2024). Validity of Wearable Inertial Sensors for Gait Analysis: A Systematic Review. Diagnostics, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15010036"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, J., Kim, D., and Park, J. (2022). A machine learning and computer vision study of the environmental characteristics of streetscapes that affect pedestrian satisfaction. Sustainability, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/su14095730"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2813","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-53403-7","article-title":"Evaluating the pedestrian level of service for varying trip purposes using machine learning algorithms","volume":"14","author":"Paul","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324","article-title":"Random forests","volume":"45","author":"Breiman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mach. Learn."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Lundberg, S.M., and Lee, S.-I. (2017). A unified approach to interpreting model predictions. NIPS\u201917: Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, Curran Associates Inc."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"297","article-title":"Generalized additive models","volume":"1","author":"Hastie","year":"1986","journal-title":"Stat. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6605","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c09653","article-title":"Unveiling microbial nitrogen metabolism in rivers using a machine learning approach","volume":"58","author":"Jia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"(2010). Classification and grading criteria of disability (Standard No. GB\/T 26341-2010)."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1145\/3340319","article-title":"NavCog3 in the wild: Large-scale blind indoor navigation assistance","volume":"12","author":"Sato","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Access. Comput."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Legge, G.E., Beckmann, P.J., Tjan, B.S., Havey, G., and Kramer, K. (2013). Indoor navigation by people with visual impairment using a digital sign system. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076783"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1177\/0145482X19840918","article-title":"Evaluation of an accessible, real-time, and infrastructure-free indoor navigation system by users who are blind in the Mall of America","volume":"113","author":"Giudice","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Vis. Impair. Blind."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1145\/3749537","article-title":"NavGraph: Enhancing blind travelers\u2019 navigation experience and safety","volume":"9","author":"Mascetti","year":"2025","journal-title":"Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"014501","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4041619","article-title":"Agreement between the spatiotemporal gait parameters of healthy adults from the OptoGait system and a traditional three-dimensional motion capture system","volume":"141","author":"Healy","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.26.81","article-title":"Concurrent validity and test-retest reliability of the OPTOGait photoelectric cell system for the assessment of spatio-temporal parameters of the gait of young adults","volume":"26","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Phys. Ther. Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2012.06.015","article-title":"Validity of the Optogait photoelectric system for the assessment of spatiotemporal gait parameters","volume":"35","author":"Lienhard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. Eng. Phys."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Commandeur, D., Klimstra, M., Yoshida, K., and Hundza, S. (2024). The minimum number of strides required for reliable gait measurements in older adult fallers and non-fallers. Sensors, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/s24237666"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kribus-Shmiel, L., Zeilig, G., Sokolovski, B., and Plotnik, M. (2018). How many strides are required for a reliable estimation of temporal gait parameters? Implementation of a new algorithm on the phase coordination index. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0192049"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ensink, C.J., Smulders, K., Warnar, J.J.E., and Keijsers, N.L.W. (2023). The influence of stride selection on gait parameters collected with inertial sensors. Sensors, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/s23042002"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ren, P., Lam, J., Manduchi, R., and Mirzaei, F. (2023). Experiments with RouteNav, a wayfinding app for blind travelers in a transit hub. ASSETS\u201923: Proceedings of the 25th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, Association for Computing Machinery.","DOI":"10.1145\/3597638.3608428"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1080\/001401300404760","article-title":"Evaluation of acoustic beacon characteristics for navigation tasks","volume":"43","author":"Tran","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1518\/001872006777724507","article-title":"Navigation performance with a virtual auditory display: Effects of beacon sound, capture radius, and practice","volume":"48","author":"Walker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum. Factors"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, H., Wang, Q., Yan, C., Xu, J., and Zhang, B. (2022). Research on UWB Indoor Positioning Algorithm under the Influence of Human Occlusion and Spatial NLOS. Remote Sens., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14246338"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1002\/navi.415","article-title":"Novel prior position determination approaches in particle filter for ultra wideband (UWB)-based indoor positioning","volume":"68","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Navig. J. Inst. Navig."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verde, D., Romero, L., Faria, P.M., and Paiva, S. (2023). Indoor Content Delivery Solution for a Museum Based on BLE Beacons. Sensors, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/s23177403"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ti, P., Dai, R., Wan, F., Xiong, T., Wu, H., and Li, Z. (2023). Influencing pedestrians\u2019 route choice using route shape simplification. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi12020066"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pham, M.H., Elshehabi, M., Haertner, L., Heger, T., Hobert, M.A., Faber, G.S., Salkovic, D., Ferreira, J.J., Berg, D., and Sanchez-Ferro, \u00c1. (2017). Algorithm for Turning Detection and Analysis Validated under Home-Like Conditions in Patients with Parkinson\u2019s Disease and Older Adults using a 6 Degree-of-Freedom Inertial Measurement Unit at the Lower Back. Front. Neurol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00135"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.78.1.98","article-title":"What is coefficient alpha? An examination of theory and applications","volume":"78","author":"Cortina","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Appl. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.5116\/ijme.4dfb.8dfd","article-title":"Making sense of Cronbach\u2019s alpha","volume":"2","author":"Tavakol","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Educ."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6918","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.6918","article-title":"We need to talk about reliability: Making better use of test-retest studies for study design and interpretation","volume":"7","author":"Matheson","year":"2019","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, F., Li, Y., Gao, X., and Du, J. (2023). The association between perceived housing environment and health and satisfaction among the older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey in Northern China. Buildings, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings13112875"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang, F., Wang, J., Zhang, L., Luo, J., Li, L., and Wu, R. (2023). Community environment co-production and environmental satisfaction of older urban residents in Shanghai, China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20032684"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Y., Zhang, J., Yang, Z., and Qiu, Z. (2024). Improving life quality for the aged: A comprehensive post-occupancy evaluation of long-term care facilities in China. Front. Public Health, 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1488653"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jamshidi, S., Ensafi, M., and Pati, D. (2020). Wayfinding in interior environments: An integrative review. Front. Psychol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.549628"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1177\/0013916514550243","article-title":"Wayfinding behaviors in complex buildings","volume":"48","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Behav."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1923","article-title":"Gait speed and survival in older adults","volume":"305","author":"Studenski","year":"2011","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-009-0246-z","article-title":"Gait speed at usual pace as a predictor of adverse outcomes in community-dwelling older people an International Academy on Nutrition and Aging (IANA) Task Force","volume":"13","author":"Rolland","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15331","article-title":"Gait speed and mobility disability: Revisiting meaningful levels in diverse clinical populations","volume":"66","author":"Miller","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Theodorou, P., Tsiligkos, K., and Meliones, A. (2023). Multi-sensor data fusion solutions for blind and visually impaired: Research and commercial navigation applications for indoor and outdoor spaces. Sensors, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/s23125411"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosiak, M., Bujnowski, A., Skulimowski, P., and Wtorek, J. (2024). The Effectiveness of UWB-Based Indoor Positioning Systems for the Navigation of Visually Impaired Individuals. Appl. Sci., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/app14135646"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kubota, M., Kuribayashi, M., Kayukawa, S., Takagi, H., Asakawa, C., and Morishima, S. (2024). Snap&Nav: Smartphone-Based Indoor Navigation System for Blind People via Floor Map Analysis and Intersection Detection. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies, ACM.","DOI":"10.1145\/3676522"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nasser, T.Z., Kuflik, T., and Danial-Saad, A. (2025). Empowering Independence for Visually Impaired Museum Visitors Through Enhanced Accessibility. Sensors, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/s25154811"},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"48","article-title":"A Scoping Review of the Impact of Environmental Design on Wayfinding for People with Sensory Impairment","volume":"19","author":"Zali","year":"2025","journal-title":"HERD Health Environ. Res. Des. J."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trabassi, D., Castiglia, S.F., Bini, F., Marinozzi, F., Ajoudani, A., Lorenzini, M., Chini, G., Varrecchia, T., Ranavolo, A., and De Icco, R. (2024). Optimizing rare disease gait classification through data balancing and generative AI: Insights from hereditary cerebellar ataxia. Sensors, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/s24113613"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/26\/13\/4198\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T11:48:05Z","timestamp":1783684085000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/26\/13\/4198"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["s26134198"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s26134198","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]}}}