{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T05:21:31Z","timestamp":1783488091524,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":123,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2024YFB3211800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFB3211800"]}]},{"name":"National Major Scientific Research Instrument Development Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82527807"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82527807"]}]},{"name":"Key Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province","award":["ZD2025H006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZD2025H006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Medical ultrasound imaging relies heavily on ultrasound transducers, whose properties directly determine transducer performance. Alternating current poling (ACP) serves as a domain engineering platform to enhance the dielectric and piezoelectric properties of ferroelectric single crystals, ceramics, and piezocomposites compared to conventional direct current poling (DCP). Although several reviews cover the microscopic mechanisms of ACP, researchers have not yet systematically analyzed these materials from the perspective of device applications. This mini-review focuses on the impact of ACP on transducer performance, analyzing the relationship between material properties and device performance in ultrasound imaging transducers. We systematically evaluate the optimization efficacy of ACP across different piezoelectric material forms and bridge the gaps between material parameters and device metrics such as bandwidth and sensitivity. Finally, this review discusses the engineering challenges, structural design synergies, and future trends of ACP-based transducers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s26134292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T13:43:14Z","timestamp":1783345394000},"page":"4292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optimization of Piezoelectric Materials and Ultrasound Imaging Transducers via Alternating Current Poling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Yilei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Materials and Acousto-Optic Instruments Institute, School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Materials and Acousto-Optic Instruments Institute, School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Materials and Acousto-Optic Instruments Institute, School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Science and Technology on Underwater Acoustic Signal, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenyang","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Materials and Acousto-Optic Instruments Institute, School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5265-3109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinpeng","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Materials and Acousto-Optic Instruments Institute, School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enwei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Materials and Acousto-Optic Instruments Institute, School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xudong","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Materials and Acousto-Optic Instruments Institute, School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Yamashita, Y. 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